448 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



suited for almost every kind of construction, for which the white 

 or the British Oak is employed. The acorns, being sweet and 

 agreeable, form an excellent mash for hogs. 



Quercus glabra, Thunberg. 



Japan. Evergreen. The acorns are consumed for food by the 

 Japanese. 



Quercus glauca, Thunberg. 



The Kashi of Japan, extending to the outer Himalayas. A truly 

 magnificent evergreen tree, to 80 feet high. The hard and close- 

 grained wood is chosen in Japan for select toots, particularly planes 

 and utensils [Christy]. Indian accounts of the wood are less 

 favorable. The " Inai-Oak/' Q. annulata (Smith) from the 

 Himalayas is a variety. Its bark, ordinarily dried, yields about 

 11 per cent, of tannin. The chemical estimation of this can be 

 approximately effected by hide-powder, a method already used by 

 Sir Humphrey Davy, and recently again by Professors Hammer and 

 Trimble. 



Quercus Griffith!]., J. Hooker. 



Khasia, Naga, Burmah, up to 6,000 feet, Nearly allied to Q. 

 aliena (Blume). A large tree with deciduous leaves. The wood 

 resembles more that of the British Oak than that of any other 

 Indian species [Gamble]. Locally much in use. 



Quercus Ilex, Linne. 



The Holly-Oak of South-Europe ; extending also to Algeria and 

 to the Himalayas, which it ascends up to about 10,000 feet. Height 

 of tree rather less than that of the English oak, but occasionally it 

 is very lofty. Wood in use for shipbuilding and wheelwrights' 

 work, tools, agricultural implements, but requires to be well seasoned 

 [Gamble]. Yields also good tan-bark. 



Quercus incana, Roxburgh. 



The Grey or Ban-Oak. Himalayas, at elevations between 3,000 

 and 8,000 feet, thence to Upper Burmah. A beautiful gregarious 

 evergreen tree of great dimensions. Young branchlets in spring, as 

 noted by Sir D. Brandis, from whitish to lilac-coloured. Mr. !Sim- 

 monds reminds us, that a silkworm (Antb.erasa Roylei), producing 

 large cocoons, lives on this oak. The bark is extraordinarily rich in 

 tannin among those of oaks ; merely air-dried it yields approxi- 

 mately 22 per cent. [Gamble, "Indian Forester," 1894, p. 293]. In its 

 native localities Q. lanuginosa (D. Don) is associated with it. 



