Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 461 



used for ink and various, particularly black dyes. Under favorable 

 circumstances as much as a ton of sumach is obtained from an acre. 

 Sumach from Melbourne-plants was shown already at the Exhibition 

 of 1863. During 1889 the import into Britain was 12,514 tons, 

 valued 140,517. Carves records that this plant, when in prox- 

 imity of vines infested by Phylloxera vastatrix, destroys this insect 

 [Sorauer]. 



Bhus cotinoides, Nuttall. 



Arkansas and Alabama. A tree, rising to 40 feet. The inner 

 bark and the wood available for yielding a yellow dye [C. Mohr]. 



Bhus cotinus, Linne".* (Cotinus coggygria, Scopoli.) 



The Scotino. In the countries on the Mediterranean Sea, 

 extending to Hungary and to the Himalayas. The wood of this 

 bush furnishes a yellow pigment. The Scotino, so valuable as a 

 material for yellow and black dye, and as a superior tanning sub- 

 stance, consists merely of the ground foliage of this plant. It con- 

 tains up to 24 per cent, tannin. The plant endures the Norweigan 

 winters northward to lat. 67 56' [Prof. Schuebeler]. 



Bhus glabra, Linne". 



North America, extending to 54 north latitude ; in Norway 

 hardy to lat. 58 8'. This sumach-shrub will grow on rocky and 

 sterile soil. It produces a kind of gall, and can also be used as a 

 substitute for the ordinary sumach. Employed also for therapeutic 

 purposes. This species can be easily multiplied from suckers. It 

 is rich in the quality and long-lasting yield of honey from its 

 flowers [Quinby]. American sumachs contain generally from 15 

 to 20 per cent, or occasionally up to 26 per cent, tannin. On value 

 of American Sumachs see Special Report No. 26, U.S. Department 

 of Agriculture, 1880. 



Bhus lucida, Linne. 



South- Africa. This shrub proved in Victoria of peculiar adapta- 

 bility for forming hedges ; it is evergreen, close-growing, and 

 stands clipping well. About half a hundred South- African species 

 are known, of which probably some could be utilised like ordinary 

 sumach ; but hitherto we have remained unacquainted with the 

 nature and degree of any of their tanning and colouring principles. 



Bhus rhodanthema, F. v. Mueller. 



East-Australia, on river-banks. A tree finally to 70 feet high ; 

 stem often 2 feet in diameter. Wood dark-yellow, soft, fine-grained, 

 beautifully marked, much esteemed for cabinet-work. Worth 5 

 to 6 per 1,000 feet in Brisbane [W. Hill], 



