Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 463 



constant from seeds. Allied to this is R. tenuiflorum (Lindley) of 

 California and the adjoining States, with fruits of the size of red 

 currants, of agreeable flavor and either dark-purple or yellow colour. 

 R. aureum, R. palmatum and some other strong American species 

 have coine into use as stocks, on which to- graft the European 

 gooseberry [C. Pohl]. Fruit from alpine localities obtainable much 

 later in the season than from the lowlands. 



Bibes Cynosbati, Linn6. 



The prickly fruited Gooseberry-bush of Canada and the Eastern 

 States of the American Union west to the Rocky Mountains. The 

 berries are large. There is a variety not so objectionably burrlike- 

 prickly. R. Cynosbati has been hybridised with R. Grossularia, and 

 the sequence has been a good result [Saunders.] 



Bibes divaricatum, Douglas. 



California and Oregon. One of the [gooseberry-bushes of those 

 countries. Can be grown in Norway to lat. 69 40'. Berries smooth, 

 black, about [one-third of an inch in diameter, pleasant to the taste. 

 Culture might improve this and many of the other species. R. 

 Nuttalli (R. villosum, Nuttall, not of Gay nor of Wallich) is an 

 allied plant, also from California. 



Bibes floridum, L'H^ritier. 



The Black Currant-bush of North-Eastern America, the same or 

 a closely allied species re-appearing in the Andes of Ecuador. The 

 oldest but not very apt name is R. Americanum (Miller). The 

 berries resemble in odor and taste those of R. nigrum. Allied to 

 this is R. Hudsonianum (Richardson) from the colder parts of North- 

 America. 



Bibes Griffithi, J. Hooker and T. Thomson. 



Himalaya, at heights from 10,000 to 13,000 feet. Allied to R. 

 rubrum, bearing similar but larger berries of somewhat austere taste. 

 R. laciniatum (H. & T.) is likewise a Himalayan species with red 

 berries, and so is R. glaciale (Wallich). Furthermore, R. villosum, 

 Wall. (R. leptostachyum, Decaisne), comes from the Indian high- 

 lands and seems worthy of practical notice. Dr. A. von Regel 

 (" Garten-Flora," 1884) speaks of the red berries of a Spugnanic Ribes, 

 which after the first frost get quite an aromatic taste. 



Bibes Grossularia, Linne.* 



The ordinary Gooseberry -bush. Europe, North- Africa, extra- 

 tropical Asia, extending to the Chinese boundary [Regel], on the 

 Himalayan mountains up to a height of 12,000 feet ; in Norway 



