468 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



whether it could be translocated and naturalised on the cliffs of our 

 shores also. Other dye-lichens might perhaps still more easily be 

 naturalised ; for instance, Lecanora tartarea, L. parella, Pertusaria 

 communis, Parmelia sordida, Isidium corallinum and some others, 

 which furnish the Cudbear or Persio. 



Rosa alba, Linn. 



Europe, Western Asia. Can be held specifically apart from R. 

 canina. According to recent researches of Dr. G. Dieck, at Merse- 

 burg, a scented variety of this species serves also for oil-distillation 

 at the Balkan. Roses for Attar should only be just unfolding, should 

 be collected at the earliest morning-hours, and at once submitted to 

 distillation. Of the white and Damascene Rose, the calyx is left with 

 the petals [Dr. Dieck]. Mr. Schimmel's fields of oil-roses near Leipzig, 

 commenced in 1884, for steam-distillation of rose-oil, cover now 

 about 120 acres, furnishing annually 175,000 to 220,000 Ibs. of roses, 

 which yield from 25 to 45 Ibs. pure oil. This is now sent out free 

 of stearopten, therefore always in a liquid state at ordinary tempera- 

 tures, such oil being of most concentrated scent, superior to any 

 hitherto purchasable. The particular rose-plants, fit for oil-pro- 

 duction, come well through the hard and protracted winters of 

 Saxony. The price of Turkish rose -oil ranges generally from 15 

 to 16 per Ib. 



Rosa canina, Linn6. 



The " Dog-Rose." Europe, Northern and Middle Asia, North- 

 Africa. Furnishes one of the best stocks, on which hybrid Roses 

 can be budded. This species attains a very great age ; the famed 

 and sacred rose at the cathedral of Hildesheim existed before that 

 edifice was built, therefore before the ninth century [Langethal]. It 

 is the "Rose-tree of thousand years age"; it is regarded with un- 

 diminished veneration still at the present day, and continues to flourish. 

 Historic records prove as well as legends and tradition, that in 815 

 the Emperor Ludwig, the son of Charles the Great, caused the partly 

 still existing chapel to be built in commemoration of an event con- 

 nected with this identical plant [Heuzenroeder]. Dr. Roemer 

 doubts whether the age of the rootstock of the individual rose now 

 existing there can be traced back beyond 300 years, renewal of main 

 branches occurring after 30 years. Mr. Niemann, of St. Petersburg, 

 recommends for stock a rose which is according to Dr. Regel R. cin- 

 namomea (Linne). while Mr. O. Froebel, of Zuerich, has lately lauded 

 for this purpose a rose, which is a variety of R. canina. The variety 

 Froebeli from the Ural and Caucasus is the best of all for stock to 

 inoculate on [L. Moeller]. A hybrid between R. cinnamomea, L. and 

 R. acicularis, Lindley, serves as one of the best and hardiest of stocks 

 for grafting [C. Bartleon]. Mr. Th. Nietner, of Potsdam, has just 

 issued an index of 5,000 kinds of Garden-Roses. Brief exposure to 

 hot water accelerates the germination of any rose-seeds. 



