Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 475 



Rubus fruticosus, Linn.* 



The ordinary Blackberry-Bramble. All Europe, North- and 

 South-Africa, Middle and Northern Asia. Hardy in Norway to 

 lat. 60 24'. The shrub bears well in a temperate clime. It likes 

 above all calcareous soil, though it is content with almost any, and 

 deserves to be naturalised on the rivulets of any ranges. In some 

 countries it is a favorite plant for hedges. A Melbourne horticul-; 

 tural firm spends now already a large sum annually for bramble- 

 leaves as part material of bouquets, wreaths, garlands and grave- 

 crosses. R. corylifolius (Smith), R. suberectus (Andrews), and R. 

 leucostachys (Smith) are varieties like many other named kinds of 

 European blackberries, or perhaps belong to the closely allied R. 

 caesius ; or in some instances hybrid-forms may have arisen from the 

 two, although the generality of these various blackberry -bushes bear 

 their fruit freely enough. 



Rubus geoides, Smith. 



Falkland-Islands, Fuegia, Patagonia, and Chiloe. An herbaceous 

 kind of raspberry-plant with greenish-yellow fruits, resembling the 

 Cloudberry, and possessing a very agreeable taste. Best adapted for 

 mountainous regions. 



Rubus glaucus, Bentham. 



Ecuador, at high elevations. There cultivated instead of the 

 ordinary raspberry -bush [Dr. W. 0. Focke], 



Rubus Havaiensis, A. Gray. 



Sandwich-Islands. The fruit of this bramble-shrub is raspberry- 

 like. 



Rubus Idaeus, Linn6.* 



The ordinary Raspberry-bush. Europe and Northern Asia, east- 

 ward to Japan. In Norway hardy to lat. 70 22'. It is mentioned 



here to point out the desirability of naturalising the plant on moun- 

 tains and on river-banks. The fruits contain a stearopten. The 

 leaves are sometimes used as a substitute for tea. With many 

 congeners a superior honey-yielder. Seeds underground may retain 

 their germinating power for half-a-dozen years [Dr. W. 0. Focke]. 



Rubus imperialis, Chamisso. 



Brazil ancf Argentina. Furnishes superior fruits. 



Rubus lasiocarpus, Smith. 



India, reaching in the Hima-layas an elevation of about 10,000 

 feet, in Ceylon of 7,000 feet, in Java of 6,000 feet. The fruit is 

 very palatable. R. opulifolius (Bertoloni) is closely allied. R. 

 lanatus (Wallich) affords [also edible but rather insipid fruits in 

 Upper India [Aitchison]. 



