Naturalisation in Extra- Tropical Countries. 48 9 



were at disposal in the autumn of 1885. It would lead too far to 

 enumerate even all the more important willows on this occasion. 

 Professor Andersson, of Stockholm, admits 158 species. Besides 

 these, numerous hybrids exist. Many of the taller of these willows 

 could be grown to rural or technologic advantage. 



Salpichroma rhomboides, Miers. 



Extra-tropical South- America, as far south as MagelhaenV 

 Straits. A half-shrub, with good-sized berries of vinous taste 

 [Lorentz]. 



Sal via Matico, Grisebach. 



Sub-alpine Argentina. An important medicinal herb. 



Sal via officinalis, Linne. 



The Garden-Sage. South-Europe, ranging to Switzerland. En- 

 dures the climate of Norway to lat. 70. A somewhat shrubby 

 plant of medicinal value, pervaded by essential oil. Prefers cal- 

 careous soil. Counted also with honey-plants ; enters into some 

 condiments. S. Sclarea (Linne), which ranges from South-Europe 

 to Persia, is similarly drawn into use, and was grown by Imperial 

 order already in the gardens of Charles the Great [E. Meyer]. S. 

 ceratophylla (Linne), of South- Western Asia, has strongly lemon- 

 scented foliage. Among nearly half a thousand species of this genus 

 some are gorgeously ornamental. 



Sambucus australis, Chamisso and Schlechtendal. 



Southern Brazil and La Plata-States. Resembles the ordinary 

 Elder, and is locally used for tall hedges [Dr. Lorentz]. 



Sambucus Canadensis, Linn& 



North-Eastern America. The berries of this half-woody Elder are 

 used like those of Phytolacca decandra, for colouring vinous liquids. 

 Dr. Gibbons observes, that this species is recognised in the United 

 States Pharmacopoeia, and that S. Mexicana (Presl.) and S. racemosa 

 (Linue) possess similar medicinal properties. The flowers are 

 gently excitant and sudorific, the berries diaphoretic and aperient ; 

 a kind of wine is frequently manufactured from them ; the inner 

 bark in large doses acts as a hydragogue cathartic and as an emetic. 

 S. xanthocarpa (F. v. Mueller) is a large elder-tree of extra-tropical 

 East- Australia. S. Gaudichaudiana (De Candolle) of the same region 

 is a herbaceous species, the root of which has emetic property. 



Sambucus nigra, Linne. 



The ordinary Elder. Europe, Northern Africa, Western Asia. 

 Endures the f rests of Norway northward to lat. 66 5' [Schuebeler]. 

 Known to have exceptionally attained a height of 35 feet. Stem- 

 diameter of very aged Elder-trees up to 3 feet [Juehlke]. Can be- 



