490 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



utilised for tall hedges, as the growth gets close and as it stands 

 clipping well. A pendent-branched and a pleniflorous variety- 

 are brought under notice by Boucher and Beck von Mannagetta. 

 The flowers are of medicinal value, especially as a sudorific, and 

 an essential oil can be obtained from them. The wood can be 

 utilised for shoe-peg's and other purposes of artisans ; that of old 

 trees is very hard and can even be used as a substitute for boxwood. 

 The berries are used for making a fairly palatable wine, also for 

 colouring port wine and for other dyeing purposes. The roots of the 

 elder possess highly valuable therapeutic properties, according to 

 Dr. Al. Buettner, especially antihydropic. 



Sanguinaria Canadensis, Linn. 



North-Eastern America. " Blood-root." A perennial herb. 

 Hardy to lat. 63 26' in Norway. The root important as a thera- 

 peutic agent. It contains also dye-principles. An excellent bee- 

 plant [Cook], 



SangTiisorba minor, Scopoli. (Poterium Sanguisorba, Linn6.) 



The Salad- Burnet. Europe, North- Africa, Northern and Western 

 Asia. A perennial herb, easily disseminated and naturalised, par- 

 ticularly adapted for calcareous soils. Not without medicinal value. 

 Bears the hot dry summer seasons in the interior of Australia well 

 [Armytage]. S. polygama, F. v. Mueller (Poterium polygainiim, 

 Waldstein and Kitaibel) is an allied and equally useful species. Both 

 serve as salad and particularly as a sheep-fodder. 



Sanseviera Zeilanica, Willdenow. 



India. This thick-leaved liliaceous plant should not be passed 

 in this enumeration, as it has proved hardy in temperate climes, 

 free from frost. Four pounds of leaves give nearly one pound of 

 fibre, which unites softness and silky lustre with extraordinary 

 strength and tenacity, serving in its native country particularly for 

 bow-strings. The plant might be left to itself for continued growth 

 in rocky unutilised places. Several species, South-Asiatic as well as 

 African, exist. 



Santalum album, C. Bauhin. 



India, ascending to the temperate elevations of Mysore. A small 

 or middle-sized tree, famed for its fragrant wood and roots. In the 

 drier and stony parts of ranges the greatest fragrance of the wood is 

 generated. S. Freycinetianum (Gaudichaud) produces santal-wood 

 of particularly rich perfume on the mountains of Hawaii up to 

 3,000 feet. Several other species occur in Polynesia. The precious 

 santal-oil is obtained by slow distillation from the heartwood and root, 

 the yield being about two and a half per cent. It is worth about 3 

 per pound, and important not only for cosmetic but also for medicinal 

 purposes. Santalum Austro-Caledonicum (Vieillard), from New 

 Caledonia, furnishes there santal-wood, excellent for strength and 

 agreeableness of odor [Simmonds]. 



