Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 507 



Smilax Pseudo-China, Linne. 



South-Eastern States of North-America. This climber likes 

 swampy banks of streams for its habitation. Serves as sarsaparilla 

 locally. The round root is starchy, and when boiled edible ; the 

 young shoots serve as asparagus [Dr. PorcherJ. 



Smilax rotundifolia, Lmn6. 



Eastern States of North-America, extending to Canada. A 

 prickly climber with deciduous foliage. An immense local use is 

 made of the roots for the bowls of tobacco-pipes. It is estimated that 

 nearly three millions of these briar-root pipes are now made a year. 

 The reed-portion of these pipes is generally prepared from Alnus 

 serrulata (Willdenow) according to Prof. Meehan. 



Smilax rubiginosa, Grisebach. 



South-Brazil and La Plata-States. The roots of this and S. cam- 

 pestris are there employed as sarsaparilla [Prof. Hieronymus]. 



Smyrnium Olusatrum, Linn. 



The Alisander. Southern Europe, Northern Africa, Western 

 Asia. A biennial herb, which raw or boiled can be utilised in 

 the manner of celery. The roots and fruitlets serve medicinal pur- 

 poses. 



Solarium Aculeastrum, Dunal. 



South-Africa. Recommended for hedges, as one of the tallest 

 species of this genus, and as armed with the most formidable 

 prickles. 



Solanum -^3thiopicum, 



Tropical Africa. Cultivated there and elsewhere on account of its 

 edible berries, which are large, red, globular and uneven. The plant 

 is annual. 



Solanum betaceum, Cavanilles. (Cyphomandra betacea, Sendtner.) 



Central America. This shrub is cultivated as far south as Buenos 

 Ayres and Valparaiso, also on the Mediterranean Sea, for the sake of 

 its tomato-like berries, which are of the size of a duck's egg. Bears 

 about five months each year, and fruits in the second season already. 

 The berries can be eaten raw, when quite ripe, and are of pleasant 

 taste [Morris] ; slit up they serve particularly well in mixed salads. 

 Hardy at Port Phillip. 



Solanum cardiophyllum, Lindley. 



Central Mexico. A Potato-Solanum, with naturally large tubers. 



