Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 529 



mouldings and similar articles [Vasey] ; also used for shingles 

 [Dawton]. Canoes carrying 4 tons have been obtained out of one 

 stem. The bast can be converted into ropes and mats. The tree 

 may be trained into hedges and bowers. It endures the climate of 

 Christiania. Lately chosen among trees from abroad for the Prussian 

 forests on a large scale. Hardy there even in the very cold North- 

 East provinces during exceptionally severe winters [Schwappach]. 

 To Thuya are referred by Bentham and J. Hooker all the cypresses 

 of the sections Chamsecyparis and Retinospora. 



Thuya Japonica, Maximowicz. 



Japan. Closely allied to T. gigantea. Dr. Masters has pointed 

 out the characteristic differences between the two in an essay on 

 Conifers of Japan, published in the " Journal of the Linnean Society," 

 1881. 



Thuya occidentalis, Linn6. 



North America, extending from Carolina to Canada. Northern 

 White Cedar or Arbor Vitas. A fine tree, to 70 feet high. Bears 

 the frosts of Norway northward to lat. 63 52'. The wood is 

 fragrant, reddish or yellowish, fine-grained, very tough and resinous, 

 light, soft, durable, and well fit for building, especially for water-work 

 and railway-ties, also for turnery and machinery. Michaux mentions, 

 that posts of this wood last forty years ; a house built of it was 

 found perfectly sound after sixty years. The tree prefers moist soil ; 

 it can be reared even on somewhat saline ground [T. Kessal] ; it is 

 valuable for copses; it can also be trained into garden-bowers. 

 Dr. Porcher says, that it makes the finest ornamental hedge or screen, 

 in the United States, attaining any required height and being very 

 compact and beautiful; such hedges indeed were observed by the 

 writer himself many years ago in Rio de Janeiro. The shoots and 

 also an essential oil from this tree are used in medicine ; the bast can 

 be converted into ropes ; the branches serve for brooms. 



Thuya orientalis, Linn. (Biotia orientalis, Endlicher. ) 



China and Japan. The Chinese " Arbor- Vitae" of gardens. 

 Though seldom exceeding 20 feet in height, this common garden- 

 plant is mentioned here, as it will admit of clipping for hedge- 

 growth, and as the "Fi-Moro" variety should on account of Its 

 elongated slender and pendant branches be chosen extensively for 

 cemeteries. 



Thymelsea tinctoria, Endlicher. (Passerina tlnctoria, Pourret.) 



Portugal, Spain, South-France. A small shrub, which yields a 

 yellow dye. Cursorily it may be noted here, that some of the 

 Australian Pimeleas contain a blue pigment, which has not yet been 

 fully tested. Their bark produces more or less of daphnin and of 



2M 



