Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 533 



Torreya nucifera, Siebold. (Caryotaxus nucifera, Zuccarini.) 



Japan. Height of tree about 30 feet. From its nuts the Japanese 

 press an oil, used as an article of food. The wood is highly valued 

 in Japan by coopers, also by turners ; it resembles to some extent 

 boxwood [Dupont]. 



Torreya taxifolia, Amott. 



Florida. A tree, reaching about 50 feet in height. Wood firm, 

 close-grained, light, durable, of a reddish colour ; very lasting also 

 underground. Prostrated trees did not decay in half a century. 

 Timber slightly more yellow than that of the white pine [P. J. 

 White]. The trees yields a reddish turpentine [Hoopes]. 



Touchardia latifolia, Gaudichaud. 



In the Hawaian Islands. A shrub, allied to Boehmeria nivea, 

 , yielding a tough and easily separable fibre, as shown by Dr. Hille- 

 brand. Probably best adapted to humid warm gullies. 



Trachylobium Hornemannianum, Hayne. 



Eastern tropical Africa. A large tree, content with sandy soil. 

 Thrives as far south as Natal [J. M. Wood]. Affords largely the 

 East- African Copal. T. verrucosum (Oliver), from Madagascar, is 

 closely allied and serves the same purpose. 



Tragopogon porrifolius, Linne. 



The " Salsify," or Salsafy. Middle and Southern Europe, Northern 

 Africa, South- Western Asia ; hardy to lat. 70 in Norway. Biennial. 

 The root of this herb is well known as a useful culinary vegetable ; 

 it is obtainable even in cold countries through the winter ; the young 



r _ leaves supply a very good salad [Vilmorin]. Pasture-animals are 

 very fond of this easily raised and quickly growing plant, as afford- 

 ing a sweetish food. In Afghanistan and countries near thereto T. 

 coloratus (C. A. Meyer) is used as Salsify [Dr. J. Aitchison] ; in 

 Baluchistan T. gracilis is similarly employed [J. H. Lace]. 



Trapa bicornis, Linn fil.* 



The Leng, Ling or Links of China. The nuts of this water-plant 

 are extensively brought to market in that country. The horny 

 appendages of the fruit are blunt. The kernel, like that of the two 

 following species or varieties, is of an excellent taste. The plant is 

 regularly cultivated in the lakes and ponds of China. Any of the 

 Trapas could easily be naturalised in waters of many parts of the 

 globe. 



