542 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



T. turgidum, Linne, comprising some varieties , of White and 

 Red Wheat, also the Clock-Wheat, the Bevet- Wheat and the 

 Poulard- Wheat. The straw of the " Poulard " variety is 

 unusually solid. 



T. durum, Desfontaines, which contains some sorts of the Bearded 

 Wheat. 



T. Polonicum, Linne, the Polish Wheat, some kinds of which are 

 well adapted for peeled Wheat. 



T. Spelta, Linne, the Spelt- Corn or Dinkel- Wheat, a kind not 

 readily subject to disease, succeeding on soil of very limited 

 fertility, not easily attacked by birds, furnishing a flour of 

 excellence for cakes, also yielding a superior grain for peeled 

 wheat. For preparing the latter it is necessary to collect the 

 spikes while yet somewhat green, and to dry them by artificial 

 heat. 



T. dicoccum, Schrank, (T. amyleum, Seringe.) The Ernmer- Wheat. 

 Cultivated in Ancient Egypt already [Prof. Koernicke]. Its 

 varieties are content with and prolific on poor soil, produce 

 excellent starch, are most hardy and not subject to diseases. To 

 this belongs the Arras-Wheat of Abyssinia, where a few other 

 peculiar sorts of wheat are to be found. A large-grained variety 

 of wheat is baked in Persia [Colvill]. 



T. monococcum, Linne. St. Peter's Corn, which is hardier than 

 most other wheats ; exists in the poorest soils, but produces 

 grains less adapted for flour than for peeled wheat. Indigenous 

 to Servia, Greece and Turkey, if derived from T. Bceoticum 

 (Boissier). The Champlain- Wheat, recently here introduced 

 by me, yields about 40-fold and seems quite rust- and smut- 

 proof ; the crop is heavy ; but this variety is preferable for 

 green fodder and hay, the grain carrying too much bran [Her- 

 miston]. Dr. Bancroft's experiments in Southern Queensland 

 showed the common Indian Bearded Wheat to be exempt from 

 rust, as well as two beardless varieties from the same part of 

 Asia, though under altered circumstances they may subsequently 

 degenerate. On this subject see also the print of my lecture 

 before the Agricultural Society of Bendigo, " on rust in wheat," 

 1865. Wheat- varieties with hard so-called flinty grain best 

 resist the rust-fungs, but millers dislike to purchase such grain, 

 if softer sorts can be obtained. According to the report of the 

 Commissioner of Agriculture 37 millions of acres were in 1882, 

 under wheat-culture in the United States. Wheat can be 

 brought by proper choice of the season even to mature in Central 

 Australia [Rev. H. Kempe]. Latterly advanced in Upper India 

 to a culture over about 20 million acres. In various parts of the 

 world the prodigious quantity of 60 bushels on an acre is some- 

 times obtained on rich and new land. Mr. E. 8. Wickson, of the 

 University of California, mentions the following varieties, out 

 of about 100, as proof against the larva and pupa of the Hes- 

 sian fly (Cecidomyia destructor) : Boarded wheat of Missojen, 



