546 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



approached by pastoral animals. Too apt to stray as a hedge-plant. 

 The straightened stems even used for umbrellas, parasols, and walk- 

 ing-sticks [J. R. Jackson]. Prof. C. Koch recommends a thornless 

 variety for sheep-pastures. A good bee-plant. 



UllUGUS tuberosus, Lozano. (Melloca tuberosa, Lindley.) 



Andes of New Granada and Peru, up to an elevation of 9,000 feet. 

 A perennial herb, the tubers of which are edible ; they are of about 

 the size of hens' eggs. Can be propagated from cuttings, and will 

 endure some frost [Watson]. A mean temperature of about 50 F. 

 is favorable for the production of tubers of this plant [Vilmorin.] 

 Shablee found the tubers in a dried state to contain 3 per cent, fat, 

 4 per cent, gum, 19 per. cent, grape-sugar, 33 per cent, starch, 12 per 

 cent, albumen. 



Ulmus alata, Michaux. 



The Whahoo-Elm of North- America, extending to Newfoundland 

 and Texas. Of quick growth. Height of tree reaching about 40 

 feet. Wood fine-grained, heavier and stronger than that of the 

 White Elm, of a dull-red colour, unwedgeable, used by wheel- 

 wrights, but like that of U. Americana not equal to the wood of 

 the European Elm. 



Ulmus Americana, Lhm<$.* 



The White Elm of Eastern North- America, also called Rock- or 

 Swamp-Elm. A tree of longevity, fond of moist river-banks, 

 becoming fully a hundred feet high ; trunk to 60 feet and as much 

 as 5 feet in diameter. The tree is found hardy in Norway fully to 

 lat. 59 55'. Manning mentions, that trees have been known to 

 attain a circumference of 27 feet at 3 feet from the ground, and of 

 13 feet where the branches burst forth. It is highly prized for 

 street-planting in North- America ; in Chicago streets are lined with 

 trees to the extent of 1,200 miles, the American Elm having been 

 predominantly chosen [Meehan]. Can be propagated from suckers 

 like the European elm, irrespective of multiplication from cuttings 

 or seeds. Almost indifferent to soil. The timber is light, used for 

 wheelwrights' work, for tubes, water-pipes ; bears driving bolts 

 well [Robb] ; it is durable, if either kept quite dry or permanently 

 submerged in water. U. Floridana (Chapman) is a variety. Rate 

 of growth in Nebraska : stem-circumference, 53 inches in 24 years 

 2 feet above ground [Furnas], 



Ulmus campestris, Linn6.* 



The ordinary Elm, indigenous to Europe and temperate Asia, as 

 far east as Japan. Several marked varieties, such as the Cork- 

 Elm and Wych-Elm, exist, also a weeping variety. The elm in 

 attaining an age of several centuries, becomes finally of enormous 



