560 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



Viola odorata, Reneaulme. 



The Violet. Middle and Southern Europe, North-Africa, Western 

 and Middle Asia. In Norway, cultivated to lat. 63 52' ; from 

 this the isothermal line northward of its cultural range can be 

 determined. Passingly alluded to here, as this modest though lovely 

 plant should be extensively naturalised in forest-glens ; it furnishes 

 its delicate scent by enfleurage for various compositions of perfumery. 

 It flowers in the southern regions of Australia through the Avhole of 

 our almost six-monthly spring ; much resorted to by bees. The 

 annual produce of flowers from violets, obtained at Nice and Cannes 

 alone, amounts to about 50,000 Ibs. According to the "Revue 

 Agricole" about 200,000 Ibs. of violet flowers are annually used for 

 scent in the vicinity of Grasse, where the price comes to from 15d. to 

 20d. per Ib. Violets are there often grown as an extra-crop under 

 lemon-and orange-trees ; the kinds chiefly cultivated for perfumery is 

 the "Double Parma" [Piesse]. The concrete oil is a commercial 

 article. Varieties specially cultivated for bouquets are : Lee's Victoria, 

 the Czar and the Neapolitan and Semperflorens Their culture proves 

 quite remunerative. Seeds of at least some species of Viola may rest 

 underground for fully 15 years without loss of germinating power 

 [Dr. W. O. Focke]. 



Vitex trifolia, Linne. 



Warmer parts of Asia and Australia, also Polynesia, extending 

 northward to Japan, southward to New South Wales, eastward to 

 Hawaia. The variety V. ovata (Thunberg) creeps to a radius of 

 30 feet, holding shifting sand ; the more it gets covered over, the 

 more it seems to grow [Joseph O'Reilley]. 



Vitis acetosa, F. v. Mueller. 



Carpentaria and Arnheim's Land. Stems rather herbaceous than 

 shrubby, erect. The whole plant is pervaded with acidity ; thus the 

 foliage proved valuable in cases of scurvy. The berries are edible,, 

 and vary from white to purple and black. This species, if planted in 

 countries with a mild temperate clime, would probably spring afresh 

 from the roots annually. Mr. Alfred Giles made from this grape 

 some wine of fair quality, reminding of claret. 



Vitis sestivalis, Michaux.* 



The Summer-Grape of the Middle and Eastern States of North- 

 America. Flowers fragrant. The berries are deep blue, of pleasant 

 taste, and ripen late in the season ; they are generally rather small 

 and in some kinds somewhat sour. Little subject to mildew. Among 

 the varieties, derived from this species, the Jacques or Lenior, 

 Herbemont, Norton's Virginia, Elsinburg, Cunningham, Rulander 

 and Pauline are the best known ; all resist the attacks of the 

 Phylloxera vastatrix, as has been fully demonstrated by experience 



