Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 579 



Chamaedorea concolor (Mart.), Copernicia Pumos (Humb.), C. nana 

 (Kunth) and Brahea dulcis (Mart.), at elevations of from 7,000 to 

 8,000 feet. 



Wissadula rostrata, Planchon. 



Tropical Africa and America. A perennial somewhat shrubby 

 plant, easily naturalised in frostless regions. The bark abounds in 

 serviceable fibre ; and as the plant shoots quickly into long simple 

 twigs, if cut near the root, fibre of good length is easily produced 

 [Dr. Roxburgh]. 



Wistaria Chinensis, De Candolle. 



The " Fuji " of Japan and China. Hardy still at Christiania. 

 Lives through a century and more. The stem is carried up straight, 

 and the branches are trained on horizontal trellises at Japanese dwel- 

 lings, affording shade for seats beneath. One Wistaria-tree will thus 

 cover readily a square of 50 feet by 50 feet, the delightfully odorous 

 trusses of flowers pendent through the trellis overhead [Christy], 

 Fortune tells us of a tree of great age, which measured at 3 feet from 

 the ground 7 feet in circumference, and covered a space of trellis 

 work 60 feet by 100 feet. At Sunningdale (England) a single plant 

 covers a wall 9 feet high for a length of 340 feet [J. B. Torry]. 

 Flowers probably available for scent-distillation. 



Wistaria frutescens, Candolle. (JF. spedosa, Nuttall.) 



South-Eastern States of North- America. A woody tall-climbing 

 plant, of grand value, with the preceding species for bees. 



Withania coagulans, Lmnal. 



Mountains of India. A somewhat shrubby plant. With the fruit 

 milk can be coagulated into curd for cheese, as with rennet ; the 

 active principle, according to Mr. Sheridan Lee, is best extracted by 

 a weak aqueous solution of kitchen-salt. Galium verum (Linne) of 

 Europe, Asia and North-Africa a perennial rubiaceous herb, serves 

 also for rennet, probably with other species of that genus and of 

 Asperula. 



Withania somnifera, Dunal. 



Countries around the Mediterranean Sea, thence to South-Asia and 

 South-Africa. A half-scrub. The root, according to Professor 

 MacOwan, acts much like that of Podophyllum medicinally. 



Witheringia solanacea, L'Heritier. 



South- America. This perennial herb is deserving of trial culture 

 on account of its large edible tubers. 



