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EYE SPY 



bearing upon the conscious intention of the flower 

 as an embodiment of a divine companion to an 

 insect. What is the intention involved in the 

 construction and habit of this flower? Why this 



long tube ? Why does it 

 await the twilight to burst 

 into bloom ? 



In the new botany of 

 Darwin flowers must be 

 considered as embodiments 

 of welcome to insects. 

 Long ago it was discov- 

 ered that the powdery pol- 

 len of a flower must reach 

 the stigma of the flower in 

 order to produce seed. It 

 was formerly supposed that 

 this was naturally accom- 

 plished by the stamens 



shedding this pollen directly upon the stigma, 

 but this was later shown to be impossible in 

 most flowers, the anthers containing the pollen 

 being so placed that they could not thus con- 

 vey the pollen. This fact was first noted by 

 Sprengel in 1787, who was the first to discover 

 that the flower, with its color, perfume, and honey, 

 was really designed to attract insects, and that 

 only by their unconscious aid could the pollen be 

 thus carried to the stigma. But Sprengel had 



