xiv CONTENTS. 



SECTION X. 

 MODIFIED EESPIRATORY MOVEMENTS. 



PAGE 



391. Sighing, Yawning, Hiccough, Sobbing, Coughing, Sneezing,. Laugh- 

 ing and Crying 630 



CHAPTER III. 



THE ELIMINATION OF WASTE PRODUCTS. 

 392. The chief waste products and their channels of exit . 632. 



SECTION I. 



THE STRUCTURE OF THE KIDNEY. 



393. The general structure of the kidney . . , . _ 634 



394. The general features and arrangement of the tubuli uriniferi . . 636 

 395. The structure of the Malpighian capsule and the special characters 



of a tubulus uriniferus in the several parts of its course . . 639 

 396. The meaning of these characters, and the structure of the tubulus 



uriniferus in the amphibia 643- 



397. The vascular arrangements of the kidney 644 



398. The connective tissue stroma of the kidney 646 



399. The nerves of the kidney .646 



SECTION II. 

 THE COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERS OF URINE. 



400. The general characters of urine . . . . . . . .. 648< 



401. The normal organic constituents of urine 649 



402. The inorganic salts , 650 



403. The non-nitrogenous constituents of the urine . . . . . 651 



404. The pigments of the urine ........ 651 



405. Ferments and other bodies present in urine ..... 652 



406. The relative quantities of the more important constituents of urine . 653 



407. The acidity of urine . . . . .... . . . 654 



408. The abnormal constituents of urine . . , . . . . 654 



SECTION III. 



THE SECRETION OF URINE. 



409. The double nature of urinary secretion ......... 65fr 



410. The vaso-motor mechanisms of the kidney. The renal oncometer 



and oncograph . . . .... - . . 65T 



