384 PYLORIC GLANDS. [BOOK n. 



fundus, with the lumen still narrow winding between the central 

 cells outside which are placed ovoid cells less numerous than in 

 the neck. Such glands placed side by side form the thickness of 

 the mucous membrane, and below them at a short distance runs in 

 a tolerably even line the thin muscularis mucosae with its single 

 inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of plain muscular 

 fibres. 



213. The space between the level of the bottom of the 

 glands and the muscularis mucosae as well as the vertical spaces 

 between the glands, that is all the space between the much 

 folded basement membrane above and the muscularis mucosae 

 below is occupied by delicate connective tissue the mesh work of 

 which, formed of thin narrow sheets or laminae rather than of 

 fibres or bundles, becomes especially close set immediately under 

 the basement membrane. In the spaces of the meshwork a 

 certain number of lymph corpuscles or leucocytes may be seen. 

 Small arteries passing upwards from the submucosa through 

 the muscularis mucosae break up into capillaries encircling the 

 glands in the form of plexuses which are especially close set at the 

 summits of the spaces between the glands, that is to say at the 

 places where the connective tissue lies nearest to the interior of 

 the stomach. Small veins springing from these capillaries, espe- 

 cially from those last named, running downwards pierce the 

 muscularis mucosae and form the larger veins in the submucous 

 coat. Lymphatic vessels and structures called lymphatic ' glands ' 

 are present in the mucous coat, but of these we shall speak later on. 



214. Pyloric glands. At the pyloric end of the stomach 

 the glands are less closely packed than at the cardiac end, and 

 differ from the cardiac glands in size, shape and structure. A 

 typical pyloric gland possesses a mouth which is much longer and 

 generally broader with a wider lumen than the mouth of a cardiac 

 gland, though the walls are lined with mucous cells like those of 

 the cardiac end. The body of the gland instead of being as in 

 the cardiac gland often tubular and unbranched, frequently 

 divides into two or more branches close to the neck, and these 

 branches which are relatively shorter than the body of a cardiac 

 gland and have a much wider lumen, may again subdivide so 

 that the whole gland is most distinctly branched. The whole 

 body with all its branches from the mouth to the several blind 

 ends is lined throughout with one kind of cell only, which is 

 very similar to the central cell of a pyloric gland, inasmuch 

 as it is a polyhedral or short columnar cell with indistinct out- . 

 lines, a spherical nucleus, and a cell-body which in a specimen 

 prepared in the ordinary way is faintly granular. The 'ovoid' cell 

 so characteristic of the cardiac gland is absent. The arrangement 

 of the connective tissue with its blood vessels and lymphatics and 

 of the muscularis mucosae is much the same as at the cardiac end. 



Thus the cardiac end of the stomach contains glands which are 



