262 THE BLOOD. 



LEWINSKY 1 has determined the total proteins and the individual 

 proteins in the blood-plasma of man and animals with the following 

 results : 



Total Protein. Albumin. Globulin. Fibrinogen. 



Man 72.6 40.1 28.3 4.2 



Dog 60.3 31.7 226 6.0 



Sheep 72.9 38.3 30.0 4.6 



Horse 80.4 28.0 47.9 4.5 



Pig 80.5 44.2 29.8 6.5 



ABDERHALDEN has made complete analyses of the blood-serum of 

 several domestic animals. From these analyses, as well as from those 

 made by HAMMARSTEN of the serum from human, horse, and ox-blood, 

 it follows that the amount of solids ordinarily varies between 70-97 

 p. m. The chief mass of the solids consists of proteins, about 55- 

 84 p. m. In hens HAMMARSTEN found much lower values, namely, 54 

 p. m. solids, with only 39.5 p. m. protein, and HALLIBURTON found only 

 25.4 p. m. protein in frog's blood. The relation between globulin 

 and seralbumin is, as shown by the analyses of HAMMARSTEN, HALLIBUR- 

 TON, and RuBBRECHT, 2 very different for various animals, but may also 

 vary considerably in the same species of animal. In human blood-serum 

 HAMMARSTEN found more seralbumin than globulin, and the relation 

 of serglobulin to seralbumin was as 1:1.5. LEWINSKY found the rela- 

 ship in man greater than 1, indeed 1:1.39-2.13. In regard to the 

 quantity of the remaining organic constituents of the serum we refer 

 the reader to ABDERHALDEN' s complete analyses. 



In starvation it seems, as first found by BURCKHARDT and recently 

 substantiated by GITHENS, S that the quantity of globulins relative to 

 that of albumin is increased. A change in the relation with a decrease 

 in the albumin and an increase in the globulin may also occur in animals 

 which have been made sick or in part immune by inoculation with 

 pathogenic microorganisms (LANGSTEIN and MAYER 4 ). The total pro- 

 tein content is raised in nearly all cases. The amount of fibrinogen in 

 the plasma is especially increased by pneumococci, streptococci, and 

 pus-staphylococci (P. MULLER S ). 



The quantity of mineral bodies in the serum has been determined by 

 many investigators. The conclusion drawn from the analyses is that there 



1 Pfliiger's Arch., 100. 



3 Abderhalden, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 25; Hammarsten, Pfluger's Arch., 17; 

 Halliburton, Journ. of Physiol., 7; Rubbrecht, Travaux du laboratoire de 1'institut 

 de physiologic de Liege, 5, 1896. 



3 Burckhardt, Arch. f. exp. Path. u. Pharm., 16; Githens, Hofmeister's Beitrage, 5; 

 ,see also Morawitz, ibid., 7, and Inagaki, Zeitschr. f. Biol., 49. 



4 Hofmeister's Beitrage, 5. 



5 Ibid., 6. 



