WHITE BLOOD-CORPUSCLES. 293 



protein, 5.32 (dog)-7S.5 p. m. (sheep); cholesterin, 0.388 (horse)-3.593 

 p. m. (sheep); and lecithin, 2.296 (dog)-4.S55 p. m. 



Of special interest is the varying proportion of the hemoglobin to the 

 protein in the nucleated and in the non-nucleated blood-corpuscles. These 

 last are much richer in haemoglobin and poorer in protein than the former. 



The amount of mineral bodies in various species of animals is different. 

 According to BUNGE and ABDERHALDEN the red corpuscles from the pig, 

 horse, and rabbit contain no soda, while those from man, the ox, sheep, 

 goat, dog, and cat are relatively rich in soda. In the five last-mentioned 

 species the amount of soda was 2.135-2.856 p. m. The quantity of potash 

 was 0.257 (dog)-0.744 p. m. (sheep). In the horse, pig, and rabbit the 

 quantity of potash was 3.326 (horse)-5.229 p. m. (rabbit). Human 

 blood-corpuscles contain, according to WA.NACH, about five times as 

 much potash as soda, on an average 3.99 p. m. potash and 0.75 p. m. 

 soda. The nucleated erythrocytes of the frog, toad, and turtle also con- 

 tain, according to BOTTAZZI and CAPPELLI/ considerably more potassium 

 than sodium. Lime is claimed to be absent in the blood-corpuscles, and 

 magnesia occurs only in small amounts: 0.016 (sheep)-O.loO p. m. (pig). 

 The blood-corpuscles of all animals investigated contain chlorine, 0.460- 

 1.949 p. m. (both in horse), generally 1 to 2 p. m., and also phosphoric 

 acid. The amount of inorganic phosphoric acid shows great variation: 

 0.275 (sheep) 1.916 p. m. (horse). All of the above figures are calculated 

 on the fresh, moist blood-corpuscles. 



By quantitative determinations of the swelling and shrinking of the cells 

 under the influence of NaCl solutions of various concentration or of serum of 

 various dilutions, HAMBURGER has attempted to determine for the erythrocytes, 

 as well as the leucocytes, the percentage relationship between the two chief con- 

 stituents of the cells (the frame and the intracellular fluid). He found that the 

 volume of the frame-substance for both varieties of blood-corpuscles of the horse 

 was equal to 53-56.1 per cent. The volume for the red blood-corpuscles was 

 for the rabbit 48.7-51; hen, 52.4-57.7, and for the frog, 72-76.4 per cent. 

 KOEPPE has raised objections to these determinations. 2 



The White Blood-corpuscles and the Blood-plates. 



The White Blood-corpuscles, also called LEUCOCYTES or Lymphoid 

 Cells, are of different kinds, and ordinarily we differentiate between the 

 small forms poor in protoplasm, called lymphocytes, and the larger, 

 granular, often more nucleated forms, called leucocytes. The polynuclear 

 leucocytes occur in greater abundance in the blood than the lymphocytes. 

 In human and mammalian blood, most of the white blood-corpuscles are 

 larger than the red blood-corpuscles. They also have a lower specific 



1 Bunge, Zeitschr. f. Biologic, 12, and Abderhalden, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 23 

 and 25; Wanach, Mary's Jahresber., 18, 88; Bottazzi and Cappelli, Arch. Ital. de Biolo- 

 gie, 32. 



2 Hamburger, Arch. f. (Anat. u.) Physiol., 1898; Koeppe, ibid., 1899 and 1900. 



