314 THE BLOOD. 



Such a substance, which occurs only in the plasma, is fibrin according 

 to HOPPE-SEYLER, sodium according to BUNGE (in certain kinds of blood), 

 and sugar according to Giro. 1 The experimenters just named have 

 tried to determine the amount of the plasma and blood-corpuscles, respec- 

 tively, in different kinds of blood, starting from the above-mentioned 

 substances. 



Another method suggested by HOPPE-SEYLER is to determine the 

 total amount of hemoglobin and proteins in a portion of blood, and on 

 the other hand the amount of hemoglobin and proteins in the blood- 

 corpuscles (from an equal portion of the same blood) which have been 

 sufficiently washed with common-salt solution by centrifugal force. The 

 figure obtained as a difference between these two determinations corre- 

 sponds to the amount of proteins which was contained in the serum of 

 the first portion of blood. If we now determine the proteins in a special 

 portion of serum of the same blood, then the amount of serum in the blood 

 is easily determined. The usefulness of this method has been confirmed 

 by BUNGE by the control experiments with sodium determinations. If 

 the amount of serum and blood-corpuscles in the blood is known, and 

 we then determine the amount of the different blood-constituents in 

 the blood-serum on one side and of the total blood on the other, the dis- 

 tribution of these different blood-constituents in the two chief components 

 of the blood, plasma and blood-corpuscles may be ascertained. In 

 the table opposite are given analyses of the blood of various animals by 

 ABDERHALDEN 2 according to HOPPE-SEYLER'S and BUNGE'S methods. 

 The analyses of human blood by C. SCHMIDT 3 are older and were made 

 according to another method, hence the results for the weights of the 

 corpuscles are perhaps a little too high. All the results are in parts per 

 1000 parts of blood. 



The relation between blood-corpuscles and plasma may vary consider- 

 ably under different circumstances even in the same species of animal. 

 In animals, in most cases considerably more plasma is found, sometimes 

 two-thirds of the weight of the blood. 4 For human blood ARRONET has 

 found 478.8 p. m. blood-corpuscles and 521.2 p. m. serum (in defibrinated 

 blood) as an average of nine determinations. SCHNEIDER 5 found 349.6 

 arid 650.4 p. m. respectively in women. 



The sugar was considered as occurring only in the serum and not with 

 the blood-corpuscles. According to the recent investigations of RONA and 

 MICHAELIS the blood-corpuscles of the dog contain considerable amounts 

 of sugar ; and the quantity of sugar in the blood, in the blood-cor- 



1 Hoppe-Seyler, Handb. d. physiol. u. path. chem. Analyse, 6. Aufl.; Bunge, Zeit- 

 schr. f. Biologic, 12; Otto, Pfluger's Arch., 35. 



2 Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 23 and 25. 



3 Cited and in part recalculated from v. Gorup-Besanez^Lehrb. d. physiol. Chem., 

 4. Aufl., 345. 



4 See Sacharjin in Hoppe-Seyler's Physiol. Chem., 447; Otto, Pfluger's Arch., 35; 

 Bunge, 1. c.; L. and M. Bleibtreu, Pfluger's Arch., 51. 



5 Arronet, Maly's Jahresber., 17; Schneider, Centralbl. f. Physiol., 5, 362. 



