CEREBROSPINAL FLUID. 341 



They have a relatively higher specific gravity, 1.016-1.026, with a variable 

 but generally higher amount of solids, an average of 60 p. m. They 

 sometimes coagulate spontaneously, sometimes only after the addition of 

 fibrin ferment or blood. They contain leucocytes as chief form-elements. 

 Sometimes they contain smaller or larger amounts of cholesterin crystals. 

 The spermatocele fluids, on the contrary, are as a rule colorless, 

 thin, and cloudy like water mixed with milk. They sometimes have an 

 acid reaction. They, have a lower specific gravity, 1.006-1.010, a lower 

 amount of solids an average of about 13 p. m. and do not coagulate 

 either spontaneously or after the addition of blood. They are, as a rule, 

 poor in protein and contain spermatozoa, cell-detritus, and fat-globules as 

 form constituents. To show the unequal composition of these two kinds 

 of fluids we will give the average results (calculated in parts per 1000 

 parts of the fluid) of seventeen analyses of hydrocele fluids and four 

 of spermatocele fluids made by HAMMARSTEN. 1 



Hydrocele. Spermatocele. 



Water 938.85 986.83 



Solids 61.15 12.17 



Fibrin 0.59 



Globulin 13.25 0.59 



Seralbumin 35 . 94 1 . 82 



Ether extractive bodies 4 . 02 1 



Soluble salts 8.60 \ 10.76 



Insoluble salts 0.66 J 



In the hydrocele fluid traces of urea and a reducing substance have been 

 found, and in a few cases also succinic acid and inosite. A hydrocele fluid may, 

 according to DEViLLARD, 2 sometimes contain paralbumin or metalbumin (?). 

 Cases of chylous hydrocele are also known. 



Cerebrospinal Fluid. The cerebrospinal fluid is thin, water-clear, 

 of low specific gravity, 1.007-1.008. The spina bifida fluid is very poor 

 in solids, 8-10 p. m. with only 0.19-1.6 p. m. protein. The fluid of 

 chronic hydrocephalus is somewhat richer in solids (13-19 p. m.) and 

 proteins. The amount of protein in the cerebrospinal fluid seems to be 

 rather variable under diseased conditions and FRENKEL-HEIDEN 3 found 

 0.875-3 p. m. protein in the lumbar fluid in progressive paralysis and 

 0.7-2.8 p. m. protein in tuberculous meningitis. According to HALLI- 

 BURTON the protein of the cerebrospinal fluid is a mixture of globulin 

 and proteose; occasionally some peptone occurs, and more rarely, in special 

 cases, seralbumin appears. The conclusions of HALLIBURTON on the 

 occurrence of proteose do not coincide with the observations of other 

 investigators (PANZER, SALKowsKi 4 ). In general paralysis HALLI- 



1 Upsala Lakaref. Forh., 14, and Maly's Jahresber., 8, 347. 



2 Bull. Soc. chim., 42, 617. 



3 Bioch. Zeitschr., 2. 



4 Halliburton's Text-book; Panzer, Wien. klin. Wochenschr., 1899; Salkowski, 

 Jaffe Festschrift, 265. 



