PANCREAS DIABETES. 385 



j ancreas and the adrenals, while between the thyroids and the adrenals 

 ii mutual accelerating action exists. In depancreatized dogs the retard- 

 ing action of the pancreas upon the thyroids is removed, and in this 

 way we explain the strong increase in the protein, fat (MOHR) and salt- 

 metabolism (FALTA and WHITNEY l ) observed in pancreas diabetes. By 

 the removal of the retarding action of the pancreas upon the adrenals, 

 the mobilization of the carbohydrates by means of the adrenalin is 

 increased, and herein, as well as the diminished sugar utilization, lies 

 the reason for the strong elimination of sugar. The relations between 

 the above three glands is still further described by the above-men- 

 tioned authors, but we cannot enter more into detail in regard to 

 the interesting question, which requires further study. Nevertheless 

 we must mention that according to PICK and PINELES 2 the extirpation 

 of the thyroid glands in young goats, but not in rabbits, prevents 

 the appearance of adrenalin-glycosuria. The negative results with 

 rabbits probably depend upon the fact that in rabbits the parathyroids 

 remain completely intact. R. HIRSCH has observed in dogs that com- 

 plete thyroidectomy, but not the removal of the chief thyroid glands 

 alone, itself brings about an alimentary glycosuria. 



The conditions in pancreas diabetes are certainly very complicated, 

 and the reasons for this are still very dark. Most investigators are of 

 the view that we are here dealing with the abolition of one or more bodies 

 which are considered as products of the internal secretion of the glands 

 (hormones according to STARLING) and which in an unknown manner 

 regulate the sugar destruction or carbohydrate metabolism. 



The assumption of an internal secretion is based on the investiga- 

 tions of MINKOWSKI, HEDON, LANCERAUX, THIROLOIX, and others 3 

 upon the action of the subcutaneous transplantation of the gland. 

 According to these investigations a subcutaneously transplanted piece 

 of the gland can completely perform the functions of the pancreas as 

 to the sugar exchange and the sugar elimination, because on the removal 

 of the intra-abdoimnal piece of gland the animal in this case does not 

 become diabetic, but if the subcutaneously embedded piece of pancreas 

 is subsequently removed, an active elimination of sugar appears immedi- 

 ately. PFLUGER has made important objections to the value of the 

 results of these experiments, and on the other hand ZUELZER, DOHRN and 



1 Mohr, Zeitschr. f. exp. Path. u. Therap., 4; Falta and Whitney, Hofmeister's 

 Beitrage,.!!. 



2 Pick and Pineles, Bioch. Zeitschr., 12; R. Hirsch, Zeitschr. f. exp. Path. u. 

 Therap., 5 



3 See Minkowski, Arch. f. exp. Path. u. Pharm., 31; He"don, Diabete pancre"atique, 

 Travaux de Physiologic (Laboratoire de Montpellier, 1898), and the works on diabetes. 



