748 URINE. 



For the detection and also for the quantitative estimation of the various 

 globulins (fibringlobulin, euglobulin, and pseudoglobulin) OSWALD ' has proposed 

 the fractional precipitation with ammonium sulphate. 



Proteases and peptones have been repeatedly found in the urine in 

 different diseases. Reliable reports are at hand on the occurrence of 

 proteoses in the urine. The statements in regard to the occurrence of 

 peptones date from a time when the conception of proteoses and pep- 

 tones was different from that of the present day, and in part they are 

 based upon investigations using untrustworthy methods. According 

 to ITO 2 true peptones are sometimes found in the urine in cases of pneu- 

 monia; what has been designated as urine peptones seems to have been 

 chiefly deuteroproteoses. 



In detecting the proteoses the proteid-free urine, or urine boiled with addition 

 of acetic acid, is saturated with ammonium sulphate, which precipitates the pro- 

 teoses. Several errors are here possible. The urobilin, which may give a reaction 

 similar to the biuret reaction, is also precipitated and may lead to mistakes (SAL- 

 KOWSKI, STOKVIS 3 ) . The following modification by BANG of DEVOTO'S * method 

 can be used to advantage : The urine is heated to boiling with ammonium sul- 

 phate (8 parts to 10 parts urine) and boiled for a few seconds. The hot liquid 

 is centrifuged for \ to 1 minute and separated from the sediment. The urobilin 

 is removed from this by extraction with alcohol. The residue is suspended in 

 a little water, heated to boiling, filtered, whereby the coagulable proteid is retained 

 on the filter, and any urobilin still present in the filtrate is shaken out with chloro- 

 form. The watery solution, after removal of the chloroform, is used for the biuret 

 test. For clinical purposes this method is very serviceable. 



According to SALKOWSKI the urine treated with 10-per cent hydrochloric 

 acid is precipitated with phosphotungstic acid, then warmed, the liquid decanted 

 from the resin-like precipitate, this washed with water, and then dissolved in a 

 little water with the aid of some caustic soda, warmed again until the blue color 

 disappears, cooled, and finally tested with copper sulphate. This method has 

 been recently somewhat modified by v. ALDOR and CERNY. S In regard to other 

 more complicated methods we refer to HUPPERT-NEUBAUER. 



MORAWITZ and DIETSCHY 6 first remove the proteid from the urine made 

 faintly acid with acid potassium phosphate by the addition of double the volume 

 of 96-per cent alcohol and warming on the water-bath for several hours. From 

 the concentrated filtrate acidified with a little sulphuric acid the proteoses can 

 be precipitated by saturating with zinc sulphate. After the removal of the urobiliii 

 by a-lcohol and extracting with water, the biuret test may be applied. 



1 Munch, med. Wochenschr., 1904. See also Zak and Necker, Deutsch. Arch. f. 

 klin. Med., 88. 



2 In regard to the literature on proteoses and peptones in urine, see Huppert- 

 Neubauer, Ham-Analyse, 10. Aufl., 466 to 492; also A. Stoffregen, Ueber das Vorkom- 

 men von Pepton im Harn, Sputum und Eiter (Inaug.-Diss., Dorpat, 1891); E. Hisrch- 

 feldt, Ein Beitrag zur Frage der Peptonurie (Inaug.-Diss., Dorpat, 1892); and espe- 

 cially Stadelmann, Untersuchungen iiber die Peptonurie. Wiesbaden, 1894; Ehrstrom, 

 Bidrag till kannedomen om Albumosurien, Helsingfors, 1900; Ito, Deutsch. Arch, 

 f. klin. Med., 71. 



3 Salkowski, Berlin, klin. Wochenschr., 1897; Stokvis, Zeitschr. f. Biologic, 34. 

 4 Devoto, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 15; Bang, Detusch. med. Wochenschr., 1898 



5 Salkowski, Centralbl. f. d. med. Wissensch., 1894; v. Aldor, Berl. klin. Wochenschr., 

 36; Cerny, Zeitschr. f. analyt. Chem., 40. 



6 Arch. f. exp. Path. u. Pharm., 54. 



