, VARIOUS SECRETIONS. 797 



Cerumen is a mixture of the secretion of the sebaceous and sweat 

 glands of the cartilaginous part of the outer passages of the ear. It 

 chiefly contains soaps and fat, fatty acids, cholesterin and protein, and 

 besides these a red substance easily soluble in alcohol and with a bitter- 

 sweet taste. 1 



The preputial secretion, smegma prceputii, contains chiefly fat, also 

 cholesterin and ammonium soaps, which probably are produced from 

 decomposed urine. The hippuric acid, benzoic acid, and calcium oxalate 

 found in the smegma of the horse probably have the same origin. 



We may also consider as a preputial secretion the castoreum, which is secreted 

 by two peculiar glandular sacs in the prepuce of the beaver. The castoreum is a 

 mixture of proteins, fats, resins, traces of phenol (volatile oil), and a non-nitrog- 

 enous body, castorin, crystallizing from alcohol in four-sided needles, insoluble 

 in cold water, but somewhat soluble in boiling water, and whose composition is 

 little known. 



In the secretion from the anal glands of the skunk, butyl mercaptan and alkyl 

 sulphides have been found (ALDRICH, E. BECKMANN 2 ) . 



Wool-fat, or the so-called fat-sweat of sheep, is a mixture of the secretion of 

 the sudoriparous and sebaceous glands. There is found in the watery extract a 

 large quantity of potassium which is combined with organic acid, volatile and non- 

 volatile fatty acids, benzoic acid, phenol-sulphuric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, 

 succinic acid, and others. The fat contains, among other bodies, abundant quan- 

 tities of ethers of fatty acids with cholesterin and isocholesterin. DARMSTABTER 

 and LIFSCHUTZ have found other alcohols in wool-fat besides myristic acid, also 

 two oxyfatty acids, lanoceric acid, C 30 H 60 4 , and lanopalmitic acid, C 16 H 32 O 3 . 

 Isocholesterin, oxycholesterin and carnaubyl alcohol, C 2 4H4 9 OH, are besides the 

 two last-mentioned acids, substances that are characteristic of wool-fat. Accord- 

 ing to ROHMANN ' wool-fat contains a body lanocerin, which is the internal anhy- 

 dride of the above-mentioned lanoceric acid. 



The secretion of the coccygeal glands of ducks and geese. contains a body similar 

 to casein, besides albumin, nuclein, lecithin, and fat, but no sugar (DE JONCJE). 

 The chief constituent is octadecyl alcohol, C 18 H 38 0, which represents 40-45 per cent 

 of the ethereal extract (ROHMANN). The fatty acids are oleic acid, small amounts 

 of caprylic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid, arid optical isomers of lauric and 

 myristic acid. The fatty acids are in great part combined with the octadeeylic 

 acid, and this is probably formed by the reduction of stearic acid or oleic acid. 

 The secretion also contains a substance related to lanocerin which ROHMANN calls 

 pennacerin. Poisonous bodies have been found in the secretion of the skin of the 

 salamander and the toad, namely, samandarin (ZALESKI, FAUST) and bufidin 

 (.JORNARA and CASALI), bufotalin and the disputed bodies bufonin and bufotenin 

 (FAUST, BERTRAND and PHISALIX 4 ). Thalassin is the crystalline body discovered 

 by RICHET 5 which is the poisonous constituent of the feelers of the sea nettle. 



1 See Lamois and Martz, Maly's Jahresber., 27, 40. 



2 Aldrich, Journ. of Exp. Med., 1; Beckmann, Maly's Jahresber., 26, 566. 



3 Darmstadter and Lifschiitz, Ber. d. d. Chem., Gesellsch., 29 and 31; Rohmann, 

 Hofmeister's Beitrage, 5, and Centralbl. f. Physiol., 19, 317. See also Unna, 1. c., 45, 

 and Lifschiitz and Unna, ibid., 234. 



4 De Jonge, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 3; Rohmann 1. c.; Zaleski, Hoppe-Seyler's 

 Med.-chem. Untersuch., p. 85; Faust, Arch. f. exp. Path. u. Pharm., 41; Jornara and 

 Casali, Maly's Jahresbr., 3; Faust, Arch. f. exp. Path. u. Pharm., 47 and 49; Bertrand, 

 Compt. rend., 135; Bertrand and Phisalix, ibid. 



5 Pfliiger's Arch., 108. 



