PERSPIRATION. 799 



containing 2.9, 7.07 and 13.5 p. m. NaCl, that the J was equal to 0.322, 

 -0.608 and -1.002, respectively. TARUGI and TOMASINELLI l found J 

 to be 0.52 as an average. The organic bodies are neutral fats, cholesterin, 

 volatile fatty acids, traces of protein (according to LECLERC and SMITH 

 always in horses, and according to GAUBE regularly in man, while LEUBE 2 

 claims only occasionally after hot baths, in BRIGHT'S disease, and after 

 the use of pilocarpin), creatinine (CAPRANICA), aromatic oxyacids, ethereal- 

 sulphuric acids of phenol and skatoxyl (KAST 3 ), sometimes also of indoxyl, 

 and lastly urea. The quantity of urea has been determined by ARGUTIN- 

 SKY. In two steam-bath experiments, in which in the course of J 

 and J hour respectively he obtained 225 and 330 cc. of perspiration, he 

 found 1.61 and 1.24 p. m. urea. Of the total nitrogen of the perspiration 

 in these two experiments 68.5 per cent and 74.9 per cent respectively 

 belong to the urea. From ARGUNTINSKY'S experiments, and also from 

 those of CRAMER, 4 it follows that of the total nitrogen a portion, not to 

 be disregarded, is eliminated by the perspiration. This portion was 

 indeed 12 per cent, in an experiment of CRAMER, at high temperature 

 and powerful muscular activity, and ZUNTZ and his collaborators find 

 indeed more than 13 per cent in high altitudes. CRAMER also found 

 ammonia in the perspiration. In uremia and in anuria in cholera, 

 urea may be secreted in such quantities, by the sweat-glands, that crystals 

 deposit upon the skin. The mineral bodies consist chiefly of sodium 

 chloride with some potassium chloride, alkali sulphate, and phosphate. 

 The relative quantities of these in perspiration differ materially from 

 the amount in the urine (FAVRE, S KAST). The relation, according to 

 KAST, is as follows: 



Chlorine 



In perspiration 1 



In urine . . . . 1 



Phosphate 

 0.0015 

 0.1320 



Sulphate 

 0.009 

 0.397 



KAST found that the proportion of ethereal-sulphuric acid to the 

 sulphate-sulphuric acid in perspiration was 1 : 12. After the administra- 

 tion of aromatic substances the ethereal-sulphuric acid does not increase 

 to the same extent in the perspiration as in the urine (see Chapter XV). 

 The quantity of mineral substances was on an average 7 p. m. 



Sugar may pass into the perspiration in diabetes, but the passage of the bile- 

 coloring matters has not been positively shown in this secretion. Benzoic acid, 

 succinic acid, tartaric acid, iodine, arsenic, mercuric chloride, and quinine pass 



1 Ardin-Deiteil, Maly's Jahresber., 30; Brieger and Disselhorst, Deutsch. med. 

 Wochenschr., 29; Tarugi and Tomasinelli, cited in Physiol. Centralbl., 22, 748. 



2 Leclerc, Compt. rend., 107; Gaube, Maly's Jahresber., 22; Leube, Virchow's Arch., 

 48 and 50, and Arch. f. klin. Med., 7. 



3 Capranica, Maly's Jahresber., 12; Kast, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 11. 



4 Argutinsky, Pfliiger's Arch., 46; Cramer, Arch. f. Hygiene, 10. 



5 Compt. rend., 35. and Arch, gener. de Med. (5), 2. 



