26 TREES AND SHRUBS 



ing to keep them in good condition. This should be 

 done in late summer, when the plants should be well 

 thinned out, and all useless growth cut clean away.. 



ERICA. See CALLUNA. 



ESCALLONIA. These are usually cut back by frost ; 

 but if they escape, E. rubra and E. punctata should 

 have their long growths shortened back in spring, 

 while the other hardy species need not be touched. 



EXOCHORDA. These usually require no pruning, 

 but if the plants are getting too large or unshapely, 

 they should be cut back immediately after flowering. 



FATSIA (Aralia Sieboldii). This is usually cut by 

 frost, but it stands a cutting back in spring, when 

 new growth is soon made which will flower late in 

 the following autumn. 



FOTHERGILLA. Requires no pruning. 



GENISTA. G. linctoria flowers on the young wood, 

 and should be cut back every spring. The other 

 species of Genista should not be pruned, except to 

 keep them in shape. 



HALESIA. These are small trees or large shrubs, 

 and should not be shortened back, but are improved 

 if the growths are kept thinned out, which should be 

 done after the flowers are past. 



HALIMODENDRON. Requires no pruning. 



HAMAMELIS. Thin out regularly, as they are very 

 apt to get thick and make weakly growths. 



HEDYSARUM. This flowers on the young wood, 

 and should be cut back each spring, but not too 

 hard. The growths can also be pegged down to 

 improve the plant, which is apt to get straggling. 



