WINTER AND SUMMER EFFECT 277 



freely until Christmas when planted in sheltered posi- 

 tions. It enjoys a rich soil, and should be pegged 

 down annually, merely thinning out the growths in 

 spring. May go in any part of the garden or grounds, 

 and it is perhaps unequalled for covering southern 

 slopes. 



RUBUS. Nearly the whole of these may be freely 

 grouped. I will mention those only which I have 

 found do best : R. biflorus (the white- washed Bramble) 

 is one of the most distinct and effective of the whole 

 class. During winter it looks as if it had been painted 

 white, and when planted close to the Scarlet Dogwood 

 is exceedingly attractive in the distance. It succeeds 

 best on a good deep loam, and the old growths should 

 be cut out every winter. Plant at a distance of 4 feet 

 apart. R. canadensis rosea (the flowering Raspberry) 

 is invaluable for making large beds. It continues to 

 produce its highly-coloured flowers freely all through 

 the summer and autumn. Plant 3 feet apart and 

 thin out the old growths annually. R. fruticosus roseo 

 flore-pleno, also the white form a/a (the double-flowered 

 Blackberry), may be grouped on slopes. The old 

 growths should be cut out annually, and plant 4 feet 

 apart. R. laciniata (American Blackberry) is the best 

 of the fruiting kinds for this purpose ; it produces 

 large crops of valuable fruit every year. Treat in the 

 same way as advised for the above. R. phcenicolasius 

 (the Japanese Wineberry). This somewhat new form 

 of Rubus is one of the best plants for this kind of 

 planting. It bears freely, and the fruits are much 

 appreciated by many, and its bright canes during 



