278 TREES AND SHRUBS 



winter produce a most pleasing effect. It is a strong 

 grower when planted in good soil at a distance of 

 5 feet apart. Remove all the old canes during 

 winter. The ordinary garden forms of Raspberry 

 also make fine groups in the unkept parts of the 

 grounds. The old growths should be pruned out 

 each autumn, when the young canes have a warm 

 and pleasing appearance. 



SALIX. Many of the Willows form splendid 

 features during the winter months. Perhaps on 

 a fine winter's day large masses of the highly- 

 coloured barked Willows can hardly be excelled 

 for their beauty and rich colouring, but, of course, 

 are only adapted for water-side planting or low, wet, 

 marshy land. Nothing is more readily propagated 

 from cuttings than these. They should be planted 

 3 feet apart, and the young growths pruned hard 

 to the ground annually the last week in March, for 

 it must be borne in mind that any wood more than 

 twelve months old has very little, if any, beauty in it. 

 The three best kinds I know for the beauty of their 

 wood are Salix vitellina^ the golden-barked Willow, 

 S. cardinalis (which has bright-red bark), and S. pur- 

 purea, as its name implies, is purple. Though not 

 so effective in the distance as the foregoing, it is well 

 worthy of cultivation. I will mention one other 

 Willow only which should be planted for its summer 

 beauty, that is S. rosmarinifolia. Its beautiful grey 

 foliage much resembles that of Rosemary. It is not 

 so robust a grower as many of the family, and there 

 is no beauty in the wood during winter, consequently 



