71 



Group. 2. Candonides. 



Remarks. The type of this group is the well-known freshwater genus 

 Candona, to which in recent time several other genera have been added, ex- 

 hibiting a more or less close relationship to that genus, and thus, together 

 with it, forming a well defined group of the subfamily Cyprinae. All the forms 

 referable to this group agree in their entire lack of swimming power, being 

 only found at the bottom of lakes or swamps. 3 genera of this group are 

 represented in the Fauna of Norway. 



Gen. 9. Candona, Baird, 1850. 



Generic Characters. Shell oval or reniform in shape, with the surface 

 smooth, of whitish colour, and often exhibiting a pearly lustre. Eye imperfectly 

 developed. Anterior antennae moderately slender, with the terminal part not 

 very sharply marked off from the basal one, and distinctly 5-articulate. Posterior 

 antennae without any trace of natatory setae, penultimate joint in male subdivided 

 and provided at the junction with 2 peculiar rod-like spines, apparently of 

 sensorial nature. Anterior lip evenly rounded in front. Mandibles quite normally 

 developed. Maxillae with the masticatory lobes short and stout, palp rather 

 prominent, with the apical joint broader than long and obliquely truncated 

 at the end. Maxillipeds whithout any distinctly defined vibratory lamella at 

 the base, palp in female simple, lash-shaped, in male, as usual, transformed 

 and prehensile, but with the dactylus and propodus confluent. Anterior legs 

 moderately slender and of normal structure; posterior ones rather dissimilar, 

 being of smaller size and upturned within the shell-cavity, last joint provided 

 with 3 setae, one of which is generally much smaller than the other 2, which 

 are not much different in length and extend in opposite directions. Caudal 

 rami slightly differing in shape in the different species, but armed in the usual 

 manner. Copulative appendages in male rather compact, exhibiting, as a 

 rule, one or two irregularly rounded lappets at the end. Ejaculatory tubes 

 comparatively large, but only provided with 7 whorls of radiating spikes; 

 proximal extremity of the tubes funnel-shaped. 



Remarks. This genus was established as early as the year 1850 by Baird, 

 to include 4 species, one of them (C. lucens,) being apparently identical 

 with Cypris Candida, O. Fr. Miiller. Subsequently many other species have 

 been added by different authors, and this genus has indeed proved to be one 



