GENERAL DIRECTIONS 



EACH class of students should be divided into sections of not more 

 than 40 each. To each section should be allotted 4 assistants, so that 

 each assistant may be held responsible for the work of 10 students, 

 arranged in pairs. A larger number than this cannot well be attended 

 to by one instructor. 



When mammals are being used, as many as 8 students may be 

 assigned to one operating table. The formation of larger groups is 

 not to be recommended, because it lessens the chances of the individual 

 student to perform a considerable part of the work himself. Neither 

 does it seem advisable to decrease this number materially, owing to 

 the fact that such reduction would necessitate an extra expenditure for 

 apparatus and material which is not proportional to the increase in the 

 efficiency of the teaching. Since the work of the students requires 

 close supervision, one assistant should be assigned to each operating 

 table. If an additional table is put in use, these students should re- 

 ceive the necessary attention from the instructors at the two neighbor- 

 ing tables. 



The function of the instructor is to advise the students how to 

 proceed, and to guide them by pertinent questions and practical hints 

 through the work assigned to them. Nothing should be told the stu- 

 dents which they can readily discover for themselves, and nothing 

 should be done for them which they can conveniently do themselves. 

 At least, this plan of teaching should be followed as soon as the students 

 have received their first instruction in etherization, in performing trache- 

 otomy, and in exposing different blood-vessels. A record should be 

 kept of the work done by each student during every exercise, so that 

 a different task may be assigned to him during the succeeding exercise. 



Each student should make brief entries in his note-book pertaining 

 to the results and bearing of the experiments performed by him. In 

 addition, this book should contain diagrams of the apparatus, explana- 

 tory schemas, and the curves recorded by him in the course of these 

 practical exercises. 



Each pair of students should be in possession of a set of operating 

 instruments, embracing two pairs of forceps, two pairs of scissors of 

 different size, and two scalpels of different size. Ligatures, sponges, 

 ether, and towels will be supplied by the attendant. A rubber apron 

 should be worn by every student during the experiments upon mam- 

 mals. Dissecting gowns and instruments are not regarded with favor 

 in the physiologic laboratory. 



At the end of each session the apparatus is to be taken apart and 

 each piece carefully cleaned. Special receptacles are provided for the 

 discarded organic material. 



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