48 NITROGEN. DECOMPOSITION OF NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS. 



world. But these beds do not solve the question of continued soil 

 fertility, for they will soon be exhausted and some other source of 

 nitrates must be discovered. Fortunately, we have learned that 

 there are processes in nature by which the soil nitrates are replaced, 

 quite independently of the store of nitrates in Chili or elsewhere, 

 and this replacement is a phenomenon of the life activities of the 

 bacteria and other microorganisms of the soil. 



If the nitrates absorbed from the soil are replaced, it must be 

 from one of two sources or from both. 



1. From the Nitrogen in Organic Bodies. After plants absorb 

 nitrates from the soil, they build them up into organic compounds, 

 chiefly proteids, which subsequently may or may not be utilized as 

 food by animals. Whatever be its history, whether in animals or 

 plants, this proteid material always contains nitrogen; and eventually, 

 by processes which we shall study, this nitrogen may again assume 

 the form of nitrates and restock the soil. 



2. The Nitrogen of the Atmosphere. This is an inexhaustible 

 source of supply, if it can be utilized. We shall learn that there 

 are means by which it becomes available for plants. 



There seem to be no other possible sources for replacing soil 

 nitrates, and we will therefore consider these two in detail. 



ORGANIC NITROGEN. ITS NATURE. 



The nitrates are built up by the plants into a variety of com- 

 pounds, mostly of the nature of proteids, like gluten of wheat, 

 legumen of peas, and other similar bodies. All plants contain some 

 such compounds which serve a purpose in the life of the plant. 

 While the plant is still alive they remain as proteids without much 

 change. After the death of the plant that produced them the pro- 

 teids are at the disposal of nature's forces of destruction. Some of 

 the proteids are seized by animals and utilized for their life proc- 

 esses. They are slightly changed inside the animal's body, but are 

 not built into bodies more complex than proteids. The animal 

 forms animal proteids out of them, producing myosin, gelatin, 

 chrondin, and other compounds, none of .which are likely to be more 



