OTHER GERM DISEASES AMONG ANIMALS. 287 



experiments. It is found to be capable of producing the disease 

 in cats, dogs, rats, field mice, and quite a variety of animals. It is 

 only slightly pathogenic for the sheep and the mice. The pig and 

 the cow seem to be immune from its action. 



Symptomatic Anthrax. Black-leg. Quarter-evil. Rausch- 

 brand (B. anthracis symptomatici) . This disease, with its variety 

 of names, is extremely common in Europe. It has been rare in the 

 United States, but in recent years is becoming more abundant, 

 being found as an epidemic in certain herds. It is a disease that 

 occurs chiefly among cattle, and is characterized by certain irregular 

 swellings in the subcutaneous tissues and muscles. The swellings 

 are seen especially over the quarters of the animal, and hence the 

 name quarter-evil. The muscles become dark colored and bloody 

 (hence the name black-leg), and contain large numbers of the 

 bacilli known to cause the disease. It is the cause of considerable 

 trouble to raisers of cattle, being almost universally fatal, although 

 it is not a disease that can be regarded as extremely common. 



The organism which produces the disease is well known and is 

 named B. anthracis symptomatici. It is pathogenic for a large 

 number of animals when artificially inoculated. Swine, dogs, 

 rabbits, fowls, pigeons, guinea-pigs, and horses succumb to the 

 disease by inoculation, in addition to cattle, sheep, and goats, in 

 which the disease occurs spontaneously. It is most common 

 among cattle as a spontaneous affection, and quite rarely occurs in 

 sheep and goats. In the horse it is never known to occur spon- 

 taneously. So far as known, the bacillus is not pathogenic for man, 

 although this has never been demonstrated; but no instance has ever 

 been known of man suffering from the infection, even though every 

 opportunity for such infection has been offered. The disease is, 

 therefore, not regarded as injurious to man. The practice of in- 

 oculating animals against the disease by a " preventive culture" is 

 widely and successfully adopted in the United States. 



Tetanus or Lockjaw (B. tetanus}. This is a disease of rather 

 rare occurrence among domestic animals, but it may sometimes 

 occur if an animal receive a wound by means of some object that has 

 been lying for a long time in the soil. The cause of tetanus is a 



