OTHER GERM DISEASES AMONG ANIMALS. 289 



tissues, causing great distortion. The disease is not contagious and 

 its source is as yet unknown. 



General Inflammatory Troubles. Inflammatory, suppura- 

 tive, and tumor-forming troubles are liable to occur in almost any 

 part of the body of man or animal. These are commonly caused by 

 bacteria, particularly by the class called Streptococci. The affections 

 do not form any specific disease, but receive a variety of names 

 according to the location of the trouble. For example, when the 

 streptococcus produces inflammation of the udder it is called 

 garget, mammitis, or mastitis, while hoof rot and navel ill represent 

 other types of inflammation located elsewhere. The streptococci 

 that cause garget have been found abundantly in the milk of cows 

 and are believed to be the reason for some of the illnesses in man- 

 kind that follow the drinking of raw milk. Various forms of sores, 

 boils, abscesses, and the inflammations following wounds are also 

 caused, largely or wholly by streptococci, and most types of inflamed 

 tissue in an animal may be rightly attributed to the action of this 

 class of bacteria. 



Another bacillus associated with a variety of troubles among 

 animals is named B. necrophorus. This organism produces more 

 than an inflammation; it gives rise to a general decay of the tissues 

 attacked (called necrosis) and, since it attacks many parts, it has a 

 variety of effects. In the skin it causes numerous inflammatory 

 diseases. It produces the foot rot of sheep and also of cattle. It 

 attacks the bones in the nose, causing their destruction; it may bring 

 about troubles in the alimentary canal, and it is the source of some 

 of the cases of hog cholera, as well as several other affections. 



Foul Brood of Bees (B. alvei and B. larvce). Foul brood is 

 a disease attacking the larvae of bees while still within their cells 

 causing them to become sickly and eventually killing them and pro- 

 ducing a decomposition of the body. The hive becomes vile- 

 smelling from the decomposition and the whole economy of the hive 

 is interrupted. The bees fail to collect honey and the hive may be 

 ruined. There are really two different diseases going by this name, 

 the American and the European foul brood, resembling each other 

 and yet being easily distinguished. Both are produced by bacteria, 

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