30 MODERN FRUIT MARKETING 



operation of packing; or apples of one variety which 

 are not more than 10% below the foregoing specifica- 

 tions, shall be standard grade, minimum size, 2 1/2 inches, 

 if the minimum size of the apple is 2^ inches in trans- 

 verse diameter." 



The Canadian Law says: ''Fruit shall not be marked 

 a fancy quality unless fruit consists of well-grown speci- 

 mens of one variety, sound, uniform, and of at least 

 normal size and of good color for the variety, of normal 

 shape, free from worm holes, bruises, scabs and any 

 other defect, and properly packed." 



In the State of Oregon, where the most of our stan- 

 dard apple packs originated, we find in the regulations 

 of one cooperative organization the following for fancy 

 apples: "All apples must be clean, fully matured, of 

 good color, free from any insect, fungus, rust, decay or 

 injury except where specified. Deformed apples will not 

 be accepted." Another western fruit distributing or- 

 ganization describes its Extra Fancy as follows: "The 

 grade shall consist of sound, smooth, matured, clean, 

 hand-packed, well-formed apples only ; free from insects^ 

 diseases, blemishes, bruises, and other physical injuries, 

 scald, scab, scale, sun scald, dry or bitter rot, worm, worm 

 stings, worm holes, spray burns, limb rub, visible water 

 core, skin punctures or skin broken at stem. All apples 

 must be of good matured color, shape, and condition, 

 characteristic of the variety. ' ' This organization handles 

 the fruit of 42 local exchanges comprising over 7,000 

 growers. 



In commenting upon these various grades as estab- 

 lished by law, several points are noted. First: The 

 regulations all refer to only closed packages, which 



