CHAPTER VII 



TRANSPORTATION 



Freight Cars. For the shipping of produce to large 

 markets there are four types of freight cars in use. 

 They are known as the common freight, the air ventilated 

 cars, the heated cars, and the refrigerator cars. The 

 common freight are the cars in which ordinary mer- 

 chandise is shipped and are used in a great many cases 

 for fruit for short hauls, but only rarely are they used 

 for fruit when shipped long distances. While in some 

 cases they give satisfactory results, their use on the whole 

 should be discouraged in favor of some of the other types. 

 In the Northern states the common freight is used to 

 some extent for the less perishable fruits, but more par- 

 ticularly the air ventilated cars are used where it is not 

 necessary to refrigerate the produce in transit. 



The air ventilated cars are similar to the common 

 freight except that they are provided with means for 

 ventilation so as to give the fruit pure air while in 

 transit. Also most of the refrigerator cars are arranged 

 for ventilation when ice is not used. Nearly all of the 

 ventilated cars work only while in motion, having small 

 openings in the front, near the end, so when the car is 

 moving the air is drawn through and thus ventilation is 

 provided In the colder states of the North, where fruit 

 is shipped during the winter, such as apples from the 



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