SPHYKADIUM. PTEAMIDULA. 41 



to the analogous case of "Pupa" neozelanica, Pfr., which has 

 much the same form of shell, and was shown by Mr. Suter, a few 

 years previously, to be a member of the Charopidce. 



56 a. Sphyradium himalayanum, Benson. 



Pupa himalayana (Button), Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 3, xii, 

 1863, p. 428 ; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, pi. 101, 

 fig. 4 ; Theobald, J. A. S. B. xlvii, 1878, p. 146. 



Pupa (Sphyradium) himalayana, Pfeiffer & Clessin, Nomencl. 

 Helic. Viv. 1881, p. 352. 



Original description : " P. testa rimato-perforata, ovato-ob- 

 longa, subcylindracea, oblique minutissime costulata, translucente, 

 pallide cornea ; spira oblonga, apice obtuso, sutura impressa ; 

 anfractibus 7, brevibus, convexis, ultimo antice leviter ascendente ; 

 apertura rotundato-ovata, edentata ; peristomate tenui, margine 

 expansiusculo, dextro super ne leviter antice progrediente." 

 (Benson.} 



Alt. 2, diam. 1 mill. 



Hob. India : Simla and Mussoori (Huttori) ; Panjal Range, 

 Kashmir (Theobald). 



Four specimens in the Theobald collection, in the British 

 Museum, have enabled me to satisfy myself that this species is 

 in all probability congeneric with S. edentidum. 



Subfamily PYRAMIDULINJE. 



Genus PYRAMIDULA, Fitzinger. 



Pyramidula, Fitzinger, System. Verz. Oesterr. vork. Weichth. 1833, 

 p. 95 ; Westerlund, Fauna Palaarct., Binnenconchyl. i, 1889, p. 10 

 (as group of Patula] ; Pilsbry. Man. Conch, ser. 2, ix, 1893, p. 42, 

 pi. 40, figs. 40, 46 (animal), pi. 11, figs. 17-28 (anatomy). 



TYPE, Helix rupestris, Drap. 



Range. Northern Temperate Land Area. 



" Shell openly umbilicated, varying in contour from flattened 

 and disk-like to conoidal. Generally opaque, often rib-striate. 

 Unicoloured, spirally banded or flammulate- Whorls subcylin- 

 drical or keeled, the apex generally smooth. Aperture rounded- 

 lunate ; lip simple and thin. 



" Animal having the sole undivided ; lateral margin of the foot with 

 a distinct border bounded by a groove, the grooves meeting above the 

 tail. No caudal mucous pore. Eye-peduucles long and slender. 



" Genital system lacking all accessory organs ; vas deferens and 

 retractor muscle inserted near or at the apex of the penis ; duct 

 of the sperrnatheca very long ; hermaphrodite duct very long, but 

 shortened by its extreme convolution. 



" Jaw arcuate, its component laminae generally compactly 

 soldered, and indicated only by fine striae which diverge slightly 

 from the middle. 



