ACAVUS. 45 



Jcidney very short, the latter [former ?] opening at the base of the 

 kidney. Body-lobes of the mantle present, of moderate or small 

 size. 



" Jaw strong, low arcuate, entirely smooth, without median 

 projection. 



" B/adula having the teeth all unicuspid. 



" Genital system having no accessory organs. Penis having 

 terminal retractor, the interior with two longitudinal pilasters 

 below, with a very short, imperforate papilla at their base, at the 

 base of which the vas deferens enters. Spermatheca on a very 

 short duct. Eggs very large, oval, hard-shelled. 



" The genus Acavus comprises Ceylonese Helices of large size 

 and superb colouring. The shell is capacious, with a broad, polished 

 lip of vivid red, lilac, or intense black hue. The young shells at 

 the time of their extrusion from the egg are bright coloured, with 

 round periphery, and are about one-third the size of the adult. 

 The teeth are all unicuspid, but the marginals have shorter cusps 

 than in Helicophanta or Panda ; and the shell differs from these 

 groups in its broad columellar lip and brilliant colouring. They 

 are arboreal in habit." (Pilsbry.} 



60. Acavus haemastoma, Linne. 



Helix hcemastoma, Linne", Syst. Nat. ed. 10, i, 1758, p. 773; 

 Ferussac, Hist. Nat. Moll. 1821, pi. 32*>, figs. 1, 2, 5 ; Wood, 

 Index Testae. 1825, pi. 34, fig. 127 ; Donovan, Natural Kepos. 

 iv, 1834, pi. 132 ; Sowerbv, Conch. Man. 1839, fig. 267 ; Plart- 

 mann, Gastr. Schweiz, iii, 1844, pi. 56, figs. 1-5 ; Pfeiffer, Conch.- 

 Cab., Heliceen, i, 1846, p. 31, pi. 3, tigs. 1, 2 ; Chenu, lllustr. 

 Conchyl. 1851, Helix, pi. 3, figs. 18, 19 ; Eeeve, Conch. Icon, vii, 

 1852, pi. 71, fig. 366; Adams, Genera, 1858, pi. 77, fig. 6*; 

 Semper, Reisen Arch. Philippinen, 2, iii, 1870, p. 99, pi. 12, 

 figs. 8-10 (anatomy); Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, 

 pi. 127, fig. 2 ; Kobelt, lllustr. Conch. Buch, 1879, pi. 68, fig. 10 ; 

 Woodward, Man. Moll. ed. 4, 1880, pi. 12, fig. 1 ; Tryon, Struct. 

 Conch, iii. 1884, p. 45, pi. 95, fig. 75. 



Acavus hemastomus, Montfort, Conch. Syst. ii, 1810, p. 235, pi. 59 ; 

 Jousseaume, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, vii, 1894, p. 287. 



Helix (Acavus} hamastoma, Beck, Index, 1838, p. 37; Nevill, 

 Hand List, i, 1878, p. 80 ; Westerlund, Vega Exp. Vetensk. Jakt. 

 iv, 1887, p. 141. 



Acavus hcemastoma, Adams, Genera Moll, ii, 1858, p. 195, pi. 77, 

 fig. 6 a. 



Helix (Macroon (Acavus}} hcemastoma, Pilsbry, Man. Conch, ser. 2. 

 vi, 1890, p. 78, pi. 18, figs. 22-25. 



Acavus hemastomus, Chenu, Man. Conchyl. i, 1860, pi. 34, fig. 127 ; 

 Pilsbry, Man. Conch, ser. 2, ix, 1894, p. 154, pi. 38, fig. 1 (shell), 

 pi. 48," fig. 14, pi. 50, fig. 3 (anatomy) ; Eandles, Proc. Malac. 

 Soc. London, iv, 1900, p. 103, pi. 9, figs. 9, 12 (anatomy). 



" Shell globose-conical, white, brown above and usually brown 

 around the umbilicus ; aperture very oblique ; columella not 

 truncated where it joins the basal lip. 



