244 ENIDvE. 



Valley, above Kokala (TJieobald) ; Kashmir (Atkinson) Takht-i- 

 Suliuian (Thomson) ; Tiuali (Stoliczlca). Tibet (Pfeiffer). 



When first described by Pfeiffer its habitat was UD known. In 

 1859, however, he recorded Tibet (Mon. Helic. Viv. iv, p. 426) as 

 its native country, without stating the source of his information. 

 Benson (A. M. N. H. ser. 2, xix, 1857, p. 327) gave Takht-i- 

 Suliman, Kashmir, as habitat, while Theobald (J. A. S. B. 1878, 

 p. 144) mentioned it as common about Mari and in various places 

 in Kashmir, usually above 6000 feet, but occasionally lower. He 

 further states that 



" Sinistral shells are most numerous, but dextral ones also 

 occur not rarely. My largest sinistral shell measures 35-6 x 

 9-2 and my smallest 27*7 X 8*7 mm. The dextral shells are 

 smaller, ranging from 33x8-8 to 24x8-5 mm. The shells 

 vary somewhat in a large series, in tumidity and in the 

 attenuation of the spire, and even in the number of whorls, 

 a remark which applies to all the species of the genus, and 

 proves the risk of creating new species from single examples. 

 " I do not think that N. domina, B., can be separated, as 

 the main distinction seems to be in the texture of the shell ; 

 but in this group the texture varies from horny and sub- 

 diaphanous, in which the striped markings are conspicuous, 

 to creamy porcellanous, in which they are more or less if not 

 wholly obsolete. The difference too in this respect is con- 

 siderable between the living and dead shells, and largely 

 depends (unless I am much mistaken) on the conditions of 

 climate and alimentation under which the animal lived. 



" A slender form is seen in places, with a thinner shell 

 than the type, and indicating a passage to N. Jcunawarensis, 

 Hutton. A typical example of this variety measures 26-5 x 

 8 mill." 



J3. candelaris and B. domina are, to my mind, two perfectly 

 distinct and valid species, notwithstanding Theobald's observations 

 to the contrary. The latter species, apart from its markings, is 

 much more convex in outline than the former with its attenuated 

 spire. It is, of course, possible that Theobald had not seen the 

 true domina. 



The Theobald collection in the British Museum contains even 

 smaller sinistral specimens than those referred to by Theobald ; 

 they measure 21*5 x7"5 mm., and are from the Jhilum Valley 

 above Kokala. Dextral shells from the same locality -are also 

 present. Theobald's Kashmir specimens range from 36 x 8'5 mm. 

 to 24 x 8-5, both dextral and sinistral. 



Dr. Kobelt records three shells from Northern India, in the 

 Mo'llendorff collection, measuring 29 mm. in length, and being 

 slightly angulated. Ho observes that some shells have corneous 

 transverse streaks on the upper whorls, a feature which I have 

 likewise noticed in some specimens. 



