PTJPILLID^E. 281 



conical spire, and rounded mouth, with the upper margin of the 

 thin peristorne running to a considerable distance forward along 

 the penultimate whorl, form a very peculiar combination of 

 characters." (W. T. $ H. F. Stanford.) 



Three specimens in the Gaining collection have 7J whorls, one 

 measuring 13'5 x 6 mm. : they are dark greyish corneous, and 

 finely obliquely striated. Two shells in the Theobald collection, 

 without locality, have 6| whorls and measure 9 mm. in length, 

 while three others from Ahmednuggar, in the same collection, are 

 pale corneous and measure 13-5x6 mm. The British Museum 

 possesses, besides, two specimens from Poona, received in 1868 

 from A. West ; these are also pale corneous. 



Family PUPILLIDJE. 



Genus PUPILLA, Turton. 



Pupilla (Leach), in Turton, Man. Land and Freshw. Shells, 1831, 

 p. 99 ; Beck, Index Moll. 1838, p. 83 (as subgenus of Pupa) ; 

 Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. ii, 1856, p. 176 (as section of Pupa) -.von 

 Martens, Die Heliceen. ed. 2, 1860, p. 290 (as subgenus) ; 

 Locard, Prod. Malac. Francaise, 1882, p. 173; ibid., Coq. terr.de 

 France, 1894, p. 327; Ball, Nautilus, xvii, 1904, p. 115 ; 

 Cockerell, op. cit. xviii, 1905, p. 104 ; Pilsbry, torn. cit. pp. 105 

 & 116 ; Dall, torn. cit. p. 114 ; Kennard & Woodward, List Brit. 

 Non-Marine Moll. 1914, p. 2. 



Pupa, Draparuaud, 1801, and subsequent authors (not Pupa, 

 Humphrey, 1797, Bolten, 1798, Lamarck, 1801) ; Lehmann, Leb. 

 Schn. Musch. Stettins, 1873, p. 144, pi. 14, fig. 50 (anatomy 

 P. muscorum). 



Jaminia, B. B. Woodward, Journ. Conch, x, 1903. pp. 354, 360 

 (not Jaminia, Risso, 1826). 



TYPE, Turbo muscorum. Linne. 



Range. Europe, Asia, Africa. 



Shell small, shortly cyliudrico-ovate, frequently rather solid ; 

 spire convex, apex obtuse ; whorls compact, the last not or 

 scarcely wider than the penultimate. Aperture semi-ovate, 

 usually with one or more denticles and occasionally with spiral 

 folds. Umbilicus oblique, narrow. 



The name Pupa was used almost universally for this genus until, 

 in 1903, Mr. B. B. Woodward pointed out that it was not available 

 for this group, when he substituted Jaminia for it. Dr. Dall, 

 Prof. Cockerell, and Prof. Pilsbry subsequently shed additional 

 light upon the subject, establishing the fact that Jaminia 

 could riot be used in lieu of Pupa either, but that Pupilla, first pub- 

 lished by Turton in 1831, had to be adopted, and this course 

 was followed by M. Louis Germain in Moll, de la France et 

 des regions voisines, ii, 1913, p. 184, and by Kennard and 



