btone] MODEKN VETERl 



borses, or pnsaionnte grooms, OJi tlie leys and 

 otlior pnrta of the boiiy. If the bruise is aliglit, 

 and even tliough lamenesa is the result, it fre- 

 quently booiimes reduced almost apparently of 

 itself; but if tlie injury siiould be severe, the 

 extravasated blood will then become a source of 

 pain and irritation. In some cases the blood is 

 thrown out instead of becoming absorbed; 

 coagulates, and, at length, becomes vascular, 

 when the enlargement remains permanent. 



The treatment of bruises varies according to 

 ciroumstauces. If the case is not too severe, 

 take of 



Camphor 1 oz. 



Spirits of AViiie 8 do. 



Dissolve the camphor in the spirits, and rub 

 on a portion every morning and night, or 

 take 



Brandy 4 oz. 



Vinegiir 4 do. 



Mix, and apply as above. If the bruise is in 

 such a situation as will admit of a bandage, 

 never omit it — flannel is the best. If the 

 tumour remains hard and unyielding to the 

 above treatment, stimulate the absorbents by 

 applying mercurial ointment, well rubbed in 

 for three or four days; alter which apply a 



NAKY PRACTICE 



[btonb. 



blister. Should this nut succeed, recourtje 

 must bo bud to firing. 



IJARIiS. 

 These are small lumoura situated under the 

 tongue, and frequently the cause of much 

 pain, so that the horse, without great dillieultv, 

 cannot nuisticate his food. Tliey are ea^*ilv 

 seen on draw ing the tongue on one side, where 

 two little prominences make their ap[)earanco. 

 They arise from an inflammatory action, exist- 

 ing in the salivary ducts, produced either from 

 symptomatic or local fever, and are generally 

 attended with a large flow of saliva. The 

 farriers of former days used to recommend 

 their being entirely removed, by nipping 

 them oir with a pair of scissors ; but there is 

 no necessity for this. The following treat- 

 ment will do away wiLli them. Take of 



Alum 1 oz. 



Water 4 do. 



Dissolve, and apply with a bit of sponge, tied 

 to the end of a stick, several times a day. 

 Gi"e the horse an ounce of nitre in his water, 

 for about five or six mornings, and a reduction 

 in the enlargement will soon be perceived ; and 

 by-and-by they will altogether disappear. 



CHAPTER XIX. 



STONE. — STONE IN THE INTESTINES; THE KIDNEYS; THE BLADDEE. 



STONE IN THE INTESTINES. 



TiiE horizontal situation of the body of the 

 horse, and the nature of his food, render him 

 particularly liable to concretions in the intes- 

 tines, which generally take place in the colon, 

 from a peculiar curvature which this has of 

 doubling on itself. At this curve, stone is 

 usually found. 



Most of these concretes, however, are in 

 their beginning composed of salubrious matter, 

 which first collects around some accidental 

 nucleus, as a nail, or stone. It also very fre- 

 quently occurs amongst millers' horses, from a 

 portion of the griudiug-stones, by friction 



having become mixed with the food upon 

 which horses are commonly fed. From frequent 

 deposits of a portion of the alimentary con- 

 tents coming in contact with the nucleus, 

 layer upon layer becomes formed, utitil, in 

 some cases, they are of an enormous size. 

 These calculi, in many instances, are so dense 

 and hard as to admit of a fine polish ; while some 

 are of a softer nature, and appear more liko 

 indurated dung, and will break easy. Hair 

 balls have frequently been found in the intes- 

 tines, especially in neat cattle; and are very 

 troublesome, being the cause of great incon- 

 ; venience. 



227 



