GLANDEKS.] 



THE HOESE, AND 



[glanders. 



which have proved very destructive, especially 

 the catarrhal kind ; iu which cases they are 

 accompanied with a discharge from the nostrils. 

 The acrimony of this discharge will sometimes 

 even ulcerate the nostrils, and the disease 

 would then be considered as a decided case of 

 glanders. Frequently we have known the 

 distemper, or epidemic catarrh, produce this 

 effect. 



The first symptom of this disease is generally 

 seen in a discharge of glairy matter from one 

 or both nostrils ; principally, or usually from 

 one only, and more frequently from the left 

 than from the right nostril ; a swelling of the 

 submaxillary glands, or kernels between the 

 jaws, and generally on the side of the jaw 

 corresponding to the affected nostiul, and fre- 

 quently attended with cough ; the membrane 

 of the nose, especially that which covers the 

 cartilaginous part, or septum, becomes, from 

 the fineness of its texture, ulcerated ; as do the 

 many small blood-vessels distributed thereon. 

 In consequence of this, it becomes more sus- 

 ceptible of the disease, especially in its acute 

 form. 



Sometimes, however, glanders is accompanied 

 by a disorder of the superficial absorbents of 

 the skin, named farcy, which has been con- 

 sidered by many authors as a distinct disorder ; 

 but we think that it is always a symptom of 

 glanders, whether it appear in a local or con- 

 stitutional form. 



Glanders is divided into two stages — the 

 acute and the chronic ; or the first and the 

 second stages. Acute glanders is generally 

 attended with acute farcy, such as chancrous 

 ulceration about the lips, face, or neck, with 

 considerable or painful swellings on different 

 parts ; some of these swellings appearing in, 

 what the old farriers called, a corded, or 

 knotted vein. Ulceration and swelling of the 

 hind leg, or sheath, and sometimes of the fore 

 leg, with corded veins, and what is termed 

 farcy-buds on the inside of the limbs, also 

 accompany glanders. Acute glanders often 

 spreads rapidly, and either destroys the animal, 

 or renders him such a pitiable and hopeless 

 object, that the proprietor is usually induced 

 to have him destroyed, 



Ciirouic glanders is generally very mild in 

 the first stage, and does not affect the appe- 

 tite, or the general health and appearance of 

 276 



the animal. Horses affected no further with 

 it, when properly fed and taken care of, and 

 worked with moderation, will often continue 

 in regular work for several years. Many 

 glandered animals have been known to get rid 

 of the disorder while working ; and, on several 

 occasions, fresh -purchased horses, and par- 

 ticularly if old ones, have escaped the dis- 

 order. Hence it is that many have been led 

 to believe that the glanders is not contagious. 



The second stage of glanders is marked by 

 ulceration within the nostrils, or an appear- 

 ance in the matter which indicates ulceratiooi 

 though it is sometimes too high up to be seen. 

 The matter is in larger quantity, more gluti- 

 nous, sticking about the margin of the nostril 

 and upper lips, and occasionally obstructing the 

 passage of air, so that a sort of snuffling noise 

 is made in breathing. 



The matter is frequently streaked with 

 blood, and the horse sometimes bleeds from 

 the nostrils in working. When this happens 

 in the first stage of the disorder, however 

 early it may be, it indicates the approach of 

 the second stage. The matter begins to have 

 an offensive smell, which it scarcely ever has 

 in the first stage. In the second stage, the 

 matter is generally discharged from both nos- 

 trils ; whilst the glands under the jaw become 

 larger, harder, and fixed more closely to the 

 jaw-bone. They are also generally more 

 tender to the touch than in the first stage. 

 The inner corners of the eye are also mattery. 

 The animal loses flesh and strength, and is apt 

 to stale more than usual. He coughs heavily 

 and hard, and at length dies in a miserable 

 condition, generally farcied as well as glan- 

 dered. It is with this disease as it formerly 

 was with small-pox inoculation, and is now 

 with vaccination. If a person happens to 

 meet with one or two cases, or even half-a- 

 dozen, of horses escaping the glanders, after 

 standing in a stable with one that is glan- 

 dered, he thinks himself fully warranted in 

 concluding that the disease is not contagious. 

 Satisfied with this decision, he gives himself 

 no further trouble about it, and pays no atten- 

 tion to anything that may be said or written 

 in opposition to his own opinion. 



It is a remarkable circumstance, that glan- 

 ders cannot be communicated by applying the 

 matter which is discharged from the nose of a 



