BULLDOG. \ 



FOR MOUNTAIN, FIELD, AND FAH^I. 



[dan.soo. 



tice of too close, or in-tnid-in brL't'diuj; — a 

 praelifo certain to prtjiulict' llic iniMital quali- 

 ticuiions, eveu though external or physical 

 eonlbrniation reniaiu apparently the saino." 



The buIldo<» needs littli> description : he 

 usually stands twenty inches in lieiLjIit — if 

 smaller, ho is so much tho nioro highly 

 esteemed — his head is largo and round ; his 

 eves small, and far apart ; ears small, and 

 partly erect ; muzzle short, truncated, and 

 turned upwards ; under j:i\v projecting beyond 

 the upper, displaying tho lower incisor teeth ; 

 colour usually brindled, but white is the fancy 

 C'I'Hir; party colours, as black-and-white, &c., 

 are to be coudenmcd ; his tail must bo tine as 

 a rush. 



The bulldog is not wholly destitute of good 

 qualities, as some writers have represented 

 hnn to be. Besides his courage, he possesses 

 strong attachment to his master. Mr. Jesse 

 relates an anecdote of a bulldog which, hav- 

 ing been accustomed to be his master's travel- 

 ling companion in bis carriage for several 

 years, on his place being allotted to a new 

 favourite, refused to eat, sickened, pined, and 

 died. 



THE PUG-DOG. 



It has been usual to consider the pug-dog 

 as a degenerate variety of the bulldog, but 

 the correctness of this theory has been doubted. 

 It has, indeed, somewhat the aspect of the 

 bulldog, on a miniature scale ; but the simi- 

 larity is more superficial than real. The pug 

 is a little round-headed, short-nosed dog, with 

 a preternatural abbreviation of the muzzle, 

 and with a tightly-twisted tail. Like the 

 Gillaroo trout, it is a specimen of hereditary 

 malformation. ISot so the bulldog, in which 

 the bones of the skull and the temporal mus- 

 cles are finely developed, and in which the 

 muzzle and head are in perfect harmony. 



The pug-dog is snarling and ill-tempered, 

 but cowardly, and by no means remarkable for 

 intelligence. Formerly it was in great esteem 

 as a pet, but is now little valued, and not 

 ofcen kept. 



THE BAN-DOG. 



The Ban-dog is a term applied to any of 

 the fierce animals of which we have just been 

 treating, and which are, in ordinary cases, kept 



chained or Hecured in kennels. B.'wick, how- 

 ever, applies it to a dog, of which ho gives aa 

 excellent figure, and which, ho states, ditlera 

 from tho mastiff in being lii^htcr, moro active 

 and vigilant, but not so powerful or so largo; 

 his muzzle, besides, is not so heavy, and ho 

 possesses, in aonio degree, the scent of the 

 hound. His hair is described as being rather 

 rough, and generally of a yellowish grey, 

 streaked with shades of black or brown. lie is 

 ferocious and full of energy. Bewick says 

 that this dog is seldom to be seen at the 

 present day. Varieties, however, of the mastift' 

 have been noticed, agreeing so closely with 

 Bewick's figure and description, as to convince 

 some that both of them were taken from 

 nature. 



In taking a review of tho various breeds of 

 the domestic dog, it must bo observed, that 

 they are endowed respectively with qualifica- 

 tions or habits certainly not innate, but the 

 result of education, at least originally ; which 

 education, continued through a series of gene- 

 rations, has produced permanent effects. For 

 example, no dog in a state of nature would 

 point with his nose at a partridge, and then 

 stand like a statue, motionless ; for he would 

 gain nothing by such a proceeding. Man, 

 however, has availed himself of the docility 

 and delicacy of scent peculiar to a certain, 

 breed, and has taught the dog his lesson ; and 

 the lesson thus learned has become second 

 nature. A young pointer takes to its work 

 as if by intuition, and scarcely requires disci- 

 pline. Hence, therefore, must we conclude 

 that education not only produces impressions 

 on the sensorium, but transmissible impres- 

 sions, whence arise the predispositions of 

 certain races. Education, in fact, modifies 

 organisation : not that it makes a dog other- 

 wise than a dog, but it supersedes, to a certain 

 point, instinct, or makes acquired propensities 

 instinctive, hereditary, and, therefore, charac- 

 teristics of the race. The effect of this change 

 of nature is not to render the dog more inde- 

 pendent, nor to give it any advantage over its 

 fellows, but to rivet more firmly the links of 

 its subjection to man. 



It is not to the pointer alone that these 

 observations apply. All our domestic dogs 

 have their own acquired propeusities, which, 

 becoming second nature, make them, iu one 



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