THE AKOA.] 



CATTLE, AND THEIE VAEIETIES. [the buffalo. 



store is accumulated, it remains only to load 

 their cattle, aud drive them to a proper market 

 with their own produce, which constitutes, to 

 the utmost verge of Tartary, a most material 

 article of commerce." 



THE ANOA. 

 Genus Anoa.—TM^ rare animal has been 

 considered by some naturalists as belonging to 

 the antelopes ; and, by others, to the Ox tribe. 

 The uncertainty here arises from the circum- 

 stance, that though the animal has been noticed 

 for many years, only a few fragments of 

 skulls and horns have hitherto been brought 

 to Europe. The horns are erect, perfectly 

 straight, and in the plane of the forehead. 

 They are about the same length as the head 

 that is, about nine or ten inches ; strongly de- 

 pressed or flattened in front; of nearly the 

 same breadth till within three inches of the 

 extremities, whence they are rather attenuated 

 to the tips, which are bluntly pointed, and irre- 

 gularly wrinkled, or rather crumbled, through 

 out the greater part of their length. The 

 bead is long and narrow, terminating in a 

 broad muzzle. 



Mr. Pennant is the first naturalist who has 

 mentioned the anoa, but he has given no 

 account of its characters, and merely relates, 

 that it is about the size of a m-iddling sheep , 

 is wild and fierce, and resides in large herds 

 among the rocky mountains of the islaud of 

 Celebes. He considers it as a small species 

 of wild buffalo, and adds, that it is captured 

 only with great difficulty ; and is so fierce in 

 confinement, that some of them, belonging to 

 Governor Loten, in one night, ripped up the 

 bellies of fourteen stags which were kept 

 in the same paddock with them. The next 

 author who mentions the anoa, from original 

 documents or personal observation, is Colonel 

 Hamilton Smith, who, in the fourth volume of 

 Griffith's translation of the Regne Animal, 

 describes the head and horns, and considers 

 the animal as a species of antelope. Colonel 

 Smith's fragment was brought from Celebes 

 by the late Dr. Clarke Abel, who obtained it 

 on his return from China, in the suite of Lord 

 Amherst ; but, since that period, various other 

 heads have been brought to Europe, some of 

 which are deposited in the British Museum, 

 and in the rooms of the Zoological Society. 

 622 



THE ARNEE, OR URNA. 



Genus huhalus. — This is the Bos ami of 

 Shaw and other naturalists ; and is, by some, 

 regarded as nothing more than the wild ordi- 

 nary buffalo. It may, however, be found to 

 be a distinct species, if a judgment were to be 

 formed by the characters of the horns, which 

 are not uncommon in museums, though no 

 specimen of the animal itself exists in Europe. 

 It tenants the high lands of Hiudostan ; and is 

 known in Bengal, and the neighbouring pro- 

 vinces, by the name of Arna. It is described 

 as a large and formidable beast, conspicuous 

 for strength, courage, and ferocity. The horns 

 are remarkable for their enormous size, often 

 measuring from four to six feet in length. 

 They rise upwards, first inclining outwards 

 aud backwards, and then, arching gradually 

 towards each other, as they proceed to the 

 points, form together a bold crescent. They 

 are compressed on their anterior and posterior 

 surfaces, and rough, with numerous tranverse 

 furrows and ridges. The chaffron is narrow 

 and convex. 



THE COMMON BUFFALO. 



The Bos huhalus (Buffalo) has long been 

 domesticated in India, where its services, as 

 a beast of draught and burden, render it ex- 

 tremely valuable. From India it has spread 

 into Egypt, Greece, Italy, and Spain. In its 

 form and general aspect, it differs materially 

 from the ox, being a heavier and more clumsy, 

 as well as a more powerful animal. Though 

 lower in stature than the bull, it is more mas- 

 sive in the body, which is supported on short, 

 thick, solid limbs. The hide is coarse aud 

 dense, covered rather sparingly with black 

 wiry hair. The head is large, and carried with 

 the muzzle projecting. The forehead is convex, 

 aud the muzzle wide. The horng are com- 

 pressed, and lie back, turning up laterally, aud 

 often attaining to a great size ; but the direc- 

 tion seldom allows the points to be used for 

 "oring. The ears are large and pendulous, 

 and the dewlap is small. The eyes are wild, 

 savage, and malicious in expression ; whilst the 

 tail is long and slender. 



In its native regions, the buffalo is a for- 

 midable animal, and capable of contending with 

 the tiger, which is often foiled in the deadly 



