QUUUBEH8.] 



OF ENGLISH FARMING. 



[nABBOWB. 



structed to run on this portable railway — ono to cut or break tho "couch," but draw it from 

 to tip the load on either side, and one to tip tho soil, and deliver it on tho Hurface. The 

 endwise. Price, JL'5 10a'. each. — An in\proved price, with five conltorH, ia £5, incrcasinp £1 

 turn-tablo for portable railways, ulso invented , for every additional two coulterH, up to eU-vcn, 



by William Crosskill, is constructed to fit the 

 portable railway, 2 ft. G in. gauge, and is found 

 to be an important addition to it when re- 

 quired to turn the trucks at right angles, or 



for which tho price in dCS. 



Grubbers, scarifiers, scufflfrs, &c., perform 

 a very important function in agriculture, di- 

 minishing the amount of labour, and reducing 



round sharp corners, and especially when the the expense of tillage. It has been calculated 



railway is fixed in cattle-sheds, for carrynig 

 turnips, &c. Price, £5 10s. These inventions 

 have not vet been brought into very great use. 



CRUBBERS AND SC.\RIFIERS. 

 If the utility of any implement is the nicasure 

 of its worth, there can be no question of the 

 value of the various classes tliat come under 

 the difl'erent denominations of grubbers and 

 scarifiers ; the great object gained by their 

 use being a very considerable saving in tho 

 number of ploughings required for any course 

 of farming, as much even as to the extent of 

 half of the number, according to the calculations 

 made by some. They are also of use in stir- 

 ring the soil in the intervals of the drills. 

 Carson's seven-share scarifier is a very excel- 

 lent implement of its kind, covering a large 

 space in its operations, and with the shares 

 made broad. — Coleman's scarifier, with five or 

 nine tines, is a well-known implement. A 

 prize medal was awarded for it at the Ex- 

 hibition of 1S51 ; and, in the report of the 

 jury, the advantage in saving of labour is thus 

 pointed out : — " Coleman's scarifier, one of the 

 best for hard ground, is five feet wide, seven 

 times as wide as a plough, and drawn by six 

 horses. These three pair, therefore, will cover 

 as much ground as seven pair at plough ; and 

 the labour, accordingly, would not be half of 

 one ploughing." It is also stated of this, that 

 it " never rises or swerves, but does its work 

 as true as a plough — doing it, therefore, once 

 for all. This is a decided advance, and greatly 

 facilitates the substitution of the scarifier for 

 the plough." A prize was also given for this 

 at the meeting at Carlisle ; and it is ranked as 

 the fii'st of the class, together with Garrett's 



that, by tho use of these machines, the number 

 of ploughings is brought down to one- half, 

 and the work more efTt'ctually done. Mfssrs. 

 Bentall have long been known for their broad- 

 share : it has three or more points, the centre 

 one projecting, and may be used as a broad- 

 share with several tines, to a breadth of Git. Gin., 

 or, with the centre point alone, as a subsoil 

 plough. This implement is especially adapted 

 for heavy soil. Messrs. Bentall have also cul- 

 tivators for light land. — Messrs. Clay's imple- 

 ment, of this class, is strong, the tines being 

 raised backward, as in a horse-rake, and tho 

 width of the cup can be varied during the 

 working. — Tennant's self-cleaning grubher 

 cleans and pulverises the soil, and is ni;ide so 

 as to take to pieces easily, and be packed into 

 a small compass. 



HARROWS. 



Amongst the makers of harrows, Messrs. 

 Howard, of Bedford, take a high place. "JMieir 

 set of patent four-beam iron harrows are re- 

 commended as useful three-horse barrows, 

 having a width of 10 feet. Price, £4. Tlieir 

 patent jointed iron harrows are of similar con- 

 struction to these, but with six rows of teeth, 

 and furnished with joints in the centre of each 

 harrow, which allow them to adapt themselves 

 to the form of the ridges, or any unevenness of 

 the surface. By a simple arrangement tiiese 

 joints may be easily locked, or allowed as much 

 play as required: this is a valuable improve- 

 ment. It is found desirable, in very rough 

 work, to fasten the joints. AV^idth, 9} ft. 

 Price, £4< Gs. Tiieir patent jointed iron iiar- 

 rows gained the first prize, as the best light 

 harrows, at the Gloucester, Lewes, Cheiins- 



and Bentall's, of wl;ich " the superiority was i ford, and AVarwick meetings of the Koyal 



not contested" at the Paris Exhibition of 1855. 

 — The Messrs. Howard's scarifier is of wrought 

 iron, so made as to combine strength with 

 lightness. The coulters are formed so as not 



Agricultural Society of England. The teeth 

 are arranged so as to leave a fine surface, and 

 they are adapted for a pair of horses. Width, 

 So tt. Price, £3 12s. Their patent two-beam 



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