CONTENTS 



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INTRODUCTION v 



PART I 



GENERAL IMMUNOLOGIC TECHNIC 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL TECHNIC 17 



Care of centrifuge, 17 Making a simple capillary pipet, 18 Making 

 looped pipets, 20 Graduated pipets, 21 Making Wright blood-capsules, 23 

 Making vaccine ampules, 24 Preparation of test-tubes for immunologic 

 work, 25 Selection of a satisfactory syringe, 26 Solutions, 27. 



CHAPTER II. METHODS OF OBTAINING HUMAN AND ANIMAL BLOOD 28 



Obtaining corpuscles, 28 Washing erythrpcytes, 28 Obtaining serum, 30 

 Obtaining corpuscles and serum, 30 Obtaining blood plasma, 30 Obtaining 

 small amounts of human blood, 32 Obtaining larger amounts of human blood 

 (phlebotomy, wet-cupping, placental blood), 33 Obtaining cerebrospinal fluid 

 .(technic of spinal puncture), 37 Obtaining small amounts of animal blood 

 (rabbit, guinea-pig, sheep), 41 Obtaining large amounts of animal blood (rab- 

 bit, guinea-pig, rat, sheep, hog, monkey, dog, and horse), 42. 



CHAPTER III. TECHNIC OF ANIMAL INOCULATION 53 



General rules, 53 Method of subcutaneous inoculation (fluid and solid 

 inocula), 54 Method of intramuscular inoculation, 56 Methods of intravenous 

 inoculation (rabbit, guinea-pig, mice and rats, horse, sheep, goat, dog), 56 

 Method of intracardial inoculation, 62 Methods of intraperitoneal inoculation 

 (rabbit, guinea-pig), 64. 



CHAPTER IV. METHODS FOR EFFECTING ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION OF ANIMALS. . 65 



Antigens and active immunization, 65 General technic, 66 Production of 

 antitoxins, 68 Production of agglutinins (intravenous and intraperitoneal inocu- 

 lation), 68 Production of immune opsonins, 69 Production of bacteriolysins, 

 69 Production of precipitins, 70 Production of hemolysins (intravenous and 

 intraperitoneal inoculations), 71 Production of cytotoxins, 73. 



CHAPTER V. PRESERVATION OF SERUMS METHODS 75 



Methods for the preservation of normal serums, 75 Methods for the preser- 

 vation of immune serum in fluid form with antiseptics, 76 In fluid form by bac- 

 teria-free filtrations, 76-^In fluid form by freezing, 78 Preservation in powder 

 form, 79 Preservation in dried paper form, 79. 



PART II 



PRINCIPLES OF INFECTION 



CHAPTER VI. INFECTION 81 



Definition, 81 Relation of infection to immunity, 83 Source of infection, 

 83 Contagious and infectious diseases, 84 Exogenous and endogenous in- 

 fection, 85 Avenues of infection, 86 Normal defenses against bacterial in- 

 vasion, 90 "Mechanism of bacterial invasion, 91 Mechanism of infection, 94 

 The avenue of infection and tissue susceptibility, 97 The numeric relationship 

 of bacteria to infection, 99 General susceptibility in relation to infection, 99 

 The defensive mechanism of the microorganism in relation to infection, 102 

 Mixed infection, 105 Summary, 106. 



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