ANAPHYLAXIS 865 



(d) Inject a guinea-pig sensitized to horse serum with 1 c.c. of diluted (1 : 4) egg- 

 albumen. 



(e) Inject a guinea-pig sensitized to human serum with 0.1 c.c. horse serum 

 intravenously. 



(f) Inject a guinea-pig sensitized to horse serum with 1 c.c. human serum intra- 

 peritoneally. 



2. Carefully study the symptoms of anaphylaxis. After death autopsy the 

 animals. 



(a) Describe acute anaphylactic shock in the guinea-pig. Does 

 death always occur? 



(b) How soon after the intraperitoneal injection of the intoxicating 

 dose do symptoms develop? After the intravenous? Why the differ- 

 ence? 



(c) Is anaphylaxis a specific reaction? 



(d) What are anaphylactogens? 



(e) Discuss the prevailing views regarding the mechanism of the 

 anaphylactic reaction. 



(f) Describe the anatomic changes occurring in acute and fatal 

 anaphylaxis in the guinea-pig. Discuss the cause and nature of these 

 changes. 



EXERCISE 55. ANAPHYLAXIS (Continued) 

 EXPERIMENT 107. NATURE OF THE ANAPHYLATOXIN 



1. Place 15 grams of coli bacterial substance prepared as described on page 126 

 in a distilling flask and add 250 c.c. of a 2 per cent, caustic soda in absolute ethyl 

 alcohol. Place on a water-bath attached to a reflux condenser and collect the dis- 

 tillate. 



2. Evaporate the distillate to dryness and for each 10 c.c. of the distillate add 

 5 c.c. of water. Neutralize with ~ hydrochloric acid. 



3. Inject 5 c.c. intraperitoneally into young guinea-pigs. Inject 1 or 2 c.c. intra- 

 venously. 



(a) Do anaphylactic symptoms develop? 



(b) Are the anatomic changes in the lungs similar to those observed 

 in serum anaphylaxis? 



(c) Discuss the prevailing views of the nature of anaphylatoxins. 



(d) Discuss the prevailing views of the anaphylaxis antibody, toxo- 

 gen, or anaphylactin. 



EXERCISE 56. ANAPHYLAXIS (Continued) 

 EXPERIMENT 108. ANAPHYLAXIS IN THE DOG 



1. Five weeks after sensitization anesthetize a dog with ether and connect the 

 carotid or femoral artery with a mercurial manometer and arrange for a kymographic 

 tracing. 



55 



