CONTENTS 5 



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CHAPTER XIV. ANTITOXINS 224 



Definition, 224 Historic, 224 Formation of antitoxins, 225 Structure of 

 antitoxins, 227 Properties of antitoxins, 227 Natural antitoxins, 228 Schick 

 test for natural diphtheria antitoxin, 228 Specificity of antitoxins, 232 

 Nature of the toxin-antitoxin reaction, 232 Production of Diphtheria Anti- 

 toxin, 235 Production of diphtheria toxin, 235 Testing the toxin, 236 Im- 

 munizing the animals, 236 Collecting the serum, 239 Method of concentrat- 

 ing, 239 Standardizing the serum, 240. Production of Tetanus Antitoxin, 243 

 Tetanus toxin, 243 Immunizing the animals, 244 Collecting the serum, 244 

 Standardizing the serum, 244. Botulimis Antitoxin, 245. Antidysentery 

 Serum, 245 The culture, 246 Immunizing the animals, 247 Rapid produc- 

 tion, 247 Collecting and testing the serum, 248. Antistaphylococcus Serum, 

 249 Preparation, 249 Technic of the anti-lysin test, 249. Production of 

 Antivenin, 251. Production of Pollen Antitoxin, 252. The Measure of Anti- 

 toxins, 252 A unit, 252 Unit of diphtheria antitoxin, 253 Unit of tetanus 

 antitoxin, 253. 



CHAPTER XV. FERMENTS AND ANTIFERMENTS 254 



Bacterial ferments, 254 Similarity between toxins and ferments, 254 

 Antif erments, 256 Antibodies and antiferments, 257 Antiferments in disease, 

 257 Ferments in pregnancy and disease, 258. Mechanism of the Abderhalden 

 reaction, 260. Ferment Reactions, 264 Antitrypsin test, 264 Abderhalden 's 

 serodiagnosis of pregnancy, 265 Practical value of Abderhalden's test, 276 

 Sero-enzymes in cancer, 277 In mental diseases, 278 In syphilis, 278 In 

 tuberculosis and acute infection, 278. 



CHAPTER XVI. AGGLUTININS 279 



Definition, 279 Historic, 279 Normal and immune agglutinins, 281 

 Formation of agglutinins, 281 Origin of agglutinins, 282 Properties and 

 nature of agglutinins, 283 Acid agglutination, 283 Mechanism of agglutina- 

 tion, 284 Specificity of agglutinins, 285 Absorption methods for differentiat- 

 ing between a mixed and single infection, 285 Hemagglutinins, 286 Non-ag- 

 glutinable species of bacteria, 288 Variation in agglutinating strength of a 

 serum, 288 Conglutination, 289 Role of agglutinins in immunity, 289. 

 Practical Applications, 290 In the diagnosis of typhoid fever, 290 Paraty- 

 phoid fever, 291 Dysentery, 292 Cholera, 292 Cerebrospinal meningitis, 

 292 Plague, 292 Malta fever, 292 Pneumonia, 292 Syphilis, 292 Per- 

 tussis, 293 Glanders, 293 In the differentiation of bacteria, 293 In the diag- 

 nosis of single and mixed infection, 294. The Agglutination Reaction, 294 

 Microscopic method with serum, 290 Microscopic method with dried blood, 

 300 Macroscopic method, 301 Differentiation of pneumococci, 308 The 

 saturation test of Castellani, 309 Technic of acid agglutination, 310. Tests 

 before Blood Transfusion for Isohemagglutinins and Isohemolysins, 311 

 Microscopic method of Brem, 312. 



CHAPTER XVII. PRECIPITINS 314 



Definition, 314 Historic, 314 Nomenclature, 316 Structure and propor- 

 tion of precipitins, 316 Formation of precipitins, 317 Mechanism of precipita- 

 tion, 318 Specificity of precipitins, 318 Role of precipitins in immunity, 319. 

 Practical Applications, 320 Bacterial precipitins, 320 Fornet ring test, 321 

 Porges-Meier reaction, 321 Herman-Perutz reaction, 322 Noguchi globulin re- 

 action, 322 McDonagh ''gel" test, 323 Differentiation of proteins, 324. 

 Technic of the Precipitin Reactions, 326 Differentiation of human and animal 

 bloods, 326 Detection of meat adulteration, 333 Bacterial precipitins, 336. 



CHAPTER XVIII. CYTOLYSINS. AMBOCEPTORS AND COMPLEMENTS 338 



Definition, 339 Kinds of cytolysins, 340 Nomenclature, 340. Ambocep- 

 tors, 341 Historic, 341 Structure of amboceptors, 342 General properties of 

 amboceptors, 343 Mechanism of the action of amboceptors, 343 Formation 

 of amboceptors, 344 Quantitative estimation of amboceptors, 347 Titration 

 of hemolytic amboceptor, 347 Titration of bacteriolytic amboceptor, 347. 

 Complements, 348 Historic, 348 Definition, 348 Structure and general 

 properties of complement, 348 Anticomplements, 349 Origin of complements, 

 350 Multiplicity of complements, 350 Endocomplements, 352 Complement- 

 splitting, 353 Complement fixation, 354 Complement deviation, 355 Quan- 

 titative titration of complement, 356. 



