300 



AGGLUTININS 



owing to the efforts of the bacilli to break away. A doubtful reaction 

 is indicated by a partial loss of motility and a few indefinite clumps. 

 A negative reaction is indicated when there is no loss in motility or no 

 clumping, or when the reactions resemble the control to which no serum 



has been added. In reporting 

 upon agglutination tests always 

 state the time at which the test 

 was made and the dilution used. 



A 1 : 20 and a 1 : 40 dilution 

 may be prepared and examined at 

 the end of half an hour. Prompt 

 agglutination is found practically 

 only in typhoid fever. 



Dilutions may be conveniently 

 prepared by drawing the serum up 

 to the mark 0.5 in the white cor- 

 puscle pipet, and the distilled water 

 up to the mark 11. Mix well. 

 This gives a dilution of 1 : 20. 

 One loopful of this diluted serum 



FIG. 83. A POSITIVE AGGLUTINATION 

 (WIDAL) REACTION IN TYPHOID FE- 

 VER. X 430. 



Serum from a patient ill about 



twenty-two days; a 1 : 100 dilution at 



the end of one hour. 



and one loopful of bouillon culture 

 of the microorganism to be tested 



give a dilution of 1 : 40. One loopful of the 1 : 20 diluted serum and 

 three loopful s of the culture give a dilution of 1 : 80. Having mixed the 

 diluted serum and the bacterial suspension on a cover-glass, prepare the 

 cultures on the vaselined concave slides in the usual manner. 



THE MICROSCOPIC AGGLUTINATION TEST (DRY METHOD) 



(1) Place a loopful of a twenty-four-hour bouillon culture of Bacillus 

 typhosus in the center of a clean cover-glass. 



(2) Moisten the dried blood which has been collected on aluminum 

 foil, glass slide, or paper with a loopful of normal salt solution. (A 

 second and smaller loop may be used for this purpose.) Gently rub up 

 the dried blood and transfer a sufficient amount to the drop of culture 

 on the cover-glass until, when thoroughly mixed, it presents a delicate 

 orange tint (Fig. 84). Avoid transferring too much debris with the 

 solution of blood, especially if the blood has been collected on paper. 

 It is good practice to mix the culture and solution of blood with the 

 cover-glass held over a white surface, in order that the color may readily 

 be observed. 



