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tion lies in the fact that they are very apt to 

 retain whatever diseases or infirmities infect 

 the tree from which they may be taken. 

 Whether therefore for fruit-bearing purposes 

 or as stocks for grafting, they are in general 

 by no means especial favorites with the care- 

 ful and judicious cultivator. Exceptions must, 

 however, be made in favor of the Vine, the 

 Quince, and a very few other fruit-bearing 

 plants, which will be noticed in their proper 

 place. 



H. CUTTINGS AND LAYERS. 



A cutting is a bud. or a twig (containing 

 two or more buds) of the previous season's 

 growth, cut from a tree. This being planted, 

 if a twig, partly, and, if a bud, wholly under 

 ground, will, under favorable circumstances, 

 take root and itself become a tree. 



It is possible with proper care to multiply 

 all fruit trees and shrubs in this way. But, 

 practically, this mode is chiefly confined to the 

 Vine, the Quince, the Currant, the Gooseberry 

 and a very few others. 



Twig-cuttings should be cut and set early 

 in the Spring. They should be separated 

 from the tree at the point between the last and 



