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word to scion and its derivatives, scioning and 

 scioned, just as we have to bud, budding, and 

 budded. 



The tree upon which a graft is set, is called 

 a stock. The stock and the graft (scion or 

 bud) form a partnership, the former discharg- 

 ing the duties of mouth and stomach, by means 

 of its roots, the latter performing the functions 

 of lungs and perspiratory system, by means of 

 its leaves. 



It hardly needs to be explained that no 

 grafting can succeed, unless the sap vessels of 

 the graft (scion or bud) and those of the stock, 

 are so adapted to each other that the flow of 

 sap shall pass uninterruptedly from one to the 

 other. These sap-vessels are chiefly situated 

 in the inner bark (or liber) of trees. 



Neither can any grafting, however nicely 

 performed, be successful, unless between dif- 

 ferent varieties of the same species, as the 

 Apple upon a seedling apple-tree stock; or 

 between nearly allied species of the same ge- 

 nus, as between the x^pple and the Pear, which 

 unions are comparatively imperfect and short- 

 lived ; or, thirdly, between nearly allied gen- 

 era, as between the Cherry and the Plum, 

 which maintain a feeble existence for a limi- 



